44,680 papers found

OBJECTIVE: 5α-reductases are a family of isozymes expressed in a wide host of tissues including the central nervous system (CNS) and play a pivotal role in male sexual differentiation, development and physiology. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search from 1970 to 2011 was made through PubMed and the relevan…

BACKGROUND: Orbscan scanning-slit optical pachymetry was introduced over a decade ago and yielded higher central corneal thickness (CCT) values to the "gold standard" of contact ultrasound pachymetry (U/S). An acoustic correction factor (AF) was introduced later to compensate for this difference. The goal of this revie…

BACKGROUND: Narcolepsy is currently categorized into three groups; narcolepsy with and without emotionally triggered loss of muscle tone (cataplexy), and narcolepsy secondary to other medical conditions. Many patients with hypersomnia are diagnosed too late. The article presents a review of this field. MATERIAL AND ME…

Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological treatment of adult ADHD based on data from controlled clinical trials. We used the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify relevant clinical trials. Short-term studies with double-blind parallel-group design were selected for…

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of orthodontic oral health promotion (OHP) upon gingival health. DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL (January 2005)], MEDLINE [OVID and PubMed platforms (1966 to May 2005)] and EMBASE (1966 to May 2005) were searched. A grey literature sea…

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this review are to point out the determinants of oxygen saturation of the haemoglobin of mixed venous blood (SvO(2)), to specify the correlations existing between SvO(2) and central venous saturation in superior vena cava (ScvO(2)), to determine and finally to locate the current place of venous…

Blood cultures are sometimes obtained from intravascular catheters for convenience. However, there is controversy regarding this practice. The authors compared the diagnostic test characteristics of blood cultures obtained from intravascular catheters and peripheral veins. Relevant studies for inclusion in this review…

To summarize the clinical and pathological features of small vessel-childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (SV-cPACNS), discuss the immune therapy and increase the attention to brain biopsy in SV-cPACNS.The clinical data, pathology of brain biopsy, treatment and outcome of an SV-cPACNS patient hospita…

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) is aggressive, and treatment with Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (BTKis) plays a key role. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors evaluated BTKis for the treatment of primary CNSL (PCNSL) and secondary CNSL (SCNSL). METHODS: By May 1, 2025,…

BACKGROUND: The insertion of central venous catheters (CVCs) may be associated with peri- and post-procedural bleeding. People who require a central line often have disorders of coagulation as a result of their underlying illness, co-morbidities or the effects of treatment. Clinical practice in some institutions is to…

BACKGROUND: Helminth parasites are critical components of biodiversity and influence the health of both wild and domestic carnivorous mammals. Despite their ecological and public health importance, comprehensive data on helminth diversity in Uzbekistan remain fragmented. This study delivers a thorough and updated synth…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite advances in surgical techniques and perioperative analgesia, chronic pain after thoracic surgery (CPTS) is a common and clinically significant complication. Its continued prevalence suggests that current preventive strategies remain insufficient. This narrative review aimed to synthesi…

This study investigates the incidence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD), including ischemic stroke, silent stroke, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) or amaurosis fugax (AF), in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO). Subgroup analyses focus on RAO type and study site, exploring the association between s…

BACKGROUND: Oncologic quality in colon cancer surgery hinges on achieving adequate longitudinal margins, lymphadenectomy, and mesenteric excision, yet international standards and segment-specific practices remain heterogeneous. METHODS: A focused PubMed/MEDLINE search from inception to October 2025 identified internat…

Rhodotorula species are basidiomycetous yeasts, commonly recognized as emerging opportunistic pathogens, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Fungemia is the most common presentation of Rhodotorula infections, which in the vast majority of cases is associated with the presence of central venous catheters (CVCs).…

BACKGROUND: Interspinous process devices (IPDs) have been widely promoted as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional decompressive surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). However, their clinical durability, safety, and comparative effectiveness have remained controversial. This review aims to review and synth…

OBJECTIVE: Candida auris (C. auris) is a multidrug-resistant yeast capable of causing invasive infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts. While bloodstream and wound infections are well described, central nervous system (CNS) involvement remains rare and poorly characterized. We present a case of C…

BACKGROUND: Older patients with cancer already represent the largest proportion of cancer survivors which will further increase in the upcoming years. However, older patients are highly underrepresented in clinical research, leading to a detrimental knowledge gap. Research on important aspects of quality of life (QoL)…

Diverse neurological symptoms have been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), including stroke, ataxia, meningitis, encephalitis, and cognitive impairment. These alterations can cause serious sequelae or death and are associated with the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the Central Nervous System (CNS). This…