44,680 papers found

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism. Growing evidence indicates that MetS is not only a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease but is also strongly associated with the…

BACKGROUND: The eyes and the central nervous system (CNS) develop from the same embryonic tissue which explains why retinal changes have been observed in various neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. These changes can be visualized in vivo on a cellular and subcellular level using optical coherence tomograp…

PURPOSE: To evaluate sparing or embedding technique for lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation and in comparison with traditional internal limiting membrane and epiretinal membrane peeling in lamellar macular holes. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP Database…

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of exercise in chronic tension-type headache and chronic migraine.The PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Study design) strategy was followed, where P-patients with chronic tension-type headache or chronic migraine; I-exercise; C-conventional treatment; O…

BACKGROUND: Hypertension among adolescents in Asia is an emerging public health concern that is directly associated with early onset cardiovascular risks. As such, it can also lead to further health issues and challenges for health care in the future. As existing studies have predominantly focussed on adult populations…

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and so continued research into new treatment options remains a priority. No systematic review has yet analysed the effectiveness and safety of higher-dose aflibercept across the available literature. We aimed to systematically e…

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease that involves attacks of inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage, with variable but continuous disability accumulation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method to characterize conduction loss and axonal dama…

INTRODUCTION: Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have recently been approved for clinical use against several B-cell indolent lymphoid malignancies, both as single agents or in combination. One second-generation BTK inhibitor that is being developed for the treatment of B-cell hematological malignancies, as well…

INTRODUCTION: The brain is the most complex organ in the human body, with a high and constant demand for inputs. Adequate nutrition is essential for the complete functioning of the brain, not only due to the energy supply, mainly from carbohydrates, but also due to the adequate supply of other macronutrients and micron…

Flavonoids are an important class of natural polyphenolic compounds reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Flavonoids possess potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and immuno-modulation properties. Intriguingly, the…

OBJECTIVES: Sleep apnea, often linked to heart failure, may benefit from sacubitril/valsartan (SV), a promising treatment shown to improve sleep quality and variables. This review and meta-analysis assess the sleep-related effects of SV in patients with sleep apnea. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis inv…

Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukins (IL)-4/IL-13 signaling, demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials for atopic dermatitis. However, real-world variability remains underexplored. A systematic review with meta-regression was conducted to primarily assess geographic influences on dupilumab efficacy me…

BACKGROUND: Nasal packing post-septoplasty often leads to discomfort, breathing difficulties, and elevated infection risk. Alternative methods, such as intranasal splinting and quilting sutures, have been proposed to mitigate these issues. This study evaluates their effectiveness in reducing postoperative pain and comp…

BACKGROUND: The number of reported cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis has gradually increased since its discovery in 2007, while there are no uniform treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and to analyze the…

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with serious social and economic burden. Siponimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, and clinical trials in the past decade have shown good prospects for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. But there is a…

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of Rituximab (RTX) in adult primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV). METHODS: We retrospectively assessed the effect of RTX in 6 patients with PCNSV. Five of the 6 were refractory to high dose glucocorticoids (GCs) and/or conventional immunosuppressants (IS). The…

BACKGROUND: The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is a key regulator of cardiovascular and renal homeostasis, but also plays important roles in mediating physiological functions in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of the RAS were classically described as mediated by angiotensin (Ang) II via angiotensin type 1…

Psychostimulants, including amphetamines and methylphenidate, are first-line pharmacotherapies for individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aims to educate physicians regarding differences in pharmacology and mechanisms of action between amphetamine and methylphenidate, thus enhanci…

BACKGROUND: Respiratory support is a central component of the management of critically ill children. It can be delivered invasively via an endotracheal tube or non-invasively via face mask, nasal mask, nasal cannula or oxygen hood/tent. Invasive ventilation can be damaging to the lungs, and the tendency to use non-inva…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for M. hominis induced CNS infections in non-neonatal patients, raise clinical awareness, and provide insights for managing such cases. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, treatment, and p…