5,006,228 papers found

INTRODUCTION: Fever is an integral part of the inflammatory response and has therefore likely a physiological role in fighting infections. Nevertheless, whether fever in itself is beneficial or harmful in adults is unknown. This protocol for a systematic review aims at identifying the beneficial and harmful effects of…

This article summarizes our deepened understanding of decolonizing research with, for, and by Indigenous peoples and peoples of African descent that emerged from conducting a scoping review of the methodological literature and reflecting on our review process. Although our review identified decolonizing methodologies a…

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to survey how outcomes in recent Cochrane reviews were defined and used for inclusion of studies and how this compares with guidance on preventing outcome reporting bias. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A survey of Cochrane reviews. We extracted data on the outcomes and how the ou…

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of androgens compared to placebo or no intervention, or another active treatment for genitourinary and vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women.

This paper introduces the Risk of Bias in Systematic Review (ROBIS), including: 1) the development of ROBIS, 2) three phases of ROBIS tool judging the overall risk of bias that related to systematic reviews, and 3) illustration on the application of ROBIS in a published systematic review. ROBIS is the first rigorously…

Scoping reviews have become a popular approach for exploring what literature has been published on a particular field of interest. They can enable nurses to gain an overview of the contemporary evidence base relating to a practice area, treatment or specific patient demographic, for example. This article provides a con…

BACKGROUND: Hepatic cirrhosis is a complex condition leading to multiple complications, including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding varices, and eventually liver failure. Patients with diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance are more likely to fail treatment, leading to the worsening of hepatic fibrosis. Sodium…

INTRODUCTION: Engaging communities and intended beneficiaries at various stages of health research is a recommended practice. The contribution of community engagement to non-communicable disease research in low- and middle-income countries has not yet been extensively studied or synthesised. This protocol describes the…

The Cochrane Collaboration uses rigorous and widely accepted methods, together with peer-review, to produce systematic reviews of all data of acceptable scientific quality relating to specified aspects of healthcare. Review Groups exist for a number of areas of medicine and surgery, but at present not headache. It is a…

Virtually all reviews of cumulated studies rely on statistical significance as a criterion for evaluating the reproducibility of the phenomenon under review. Despite its nearly universal application, that criterion is entirely inadequate: Its application is very likely to lead a reviewer to conclude that a phenomenon d…

BACKGROUND: The last three decades have seen a growth in the number of children requiring long-term ventilation. Children with long-term ventilation present with underlying respiratory and neurological conditions that place them at risk of feeding and swallowing difficulties. To date, a scoping review or systematic rev…

BACKGROUND: Shared care (an enhanced information exchange over and above routine outpatient letters) is commonly used to improve care coordination and communication between a specialist and primary care services for people with long-term conditions. Evidence of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of shared care is…

Systematic reviews are essential in summarising evidence and providing an indication of its strength and direction. This is why they often inform clinical decision making. Although the quantity of reviews published is increasing, concerns about their quality may sometimes be questioned. This paper highlights the aspect…

Evidence-based medicine advocates that decision making should be based on the adequate evidence. High quality systematic review is an important source of information for clinicians, patients, governments and other decision makers in decision making. If reviewers couldn't master the correct method of systematic review o…