391,898 papers found

Between 1970 and 1988, reports were published about two ecological studies, six case-control studies and one cohort study that evaluated the relationship between methylxanthine consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer. Because of the limitations of ecological studies, no inferences are based on them. All of the case-…

Multiple studies have demonstrated that individual psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and the two in combination are all effective treatments for depressed outpatients. However, the implications of these data for clinical practice have been incompletely considered, and the often drawn mistaken conclusion is that they supp…

OBJECTIVE: To review the risks, manifestations, and treatment of cyanide toxicity from nitroprusside therapy. DATA SOURCES: All English case reports identified in Index Medicus (MEDLINE) of cyanide intoxication related to nitroprusside from 1970 to the present were reviewed. In addition, literature regarding the incid…

Available data from comparative trials involving 483 patients were analyzed to determine the rate of infectious morbidity following the use of absorbable staples versus traditional incision and suturing of the vaginal cuff in abdominal hysterectomy. Infections occurred in 24 of 268 (9%) patients who received absorbable…

Studies of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease have been hampered by low statistical power. The data from 11 case-control studies were pooled and re-analysed to evaluate the evidence for the association of Alzheimer's disease with family history of dementia and related disorders, parental age, medical history, and env…

Recent results from controlled trials of adjuvant tamoxifen and oophorectomy in early breast cancer are reviewed. The results of the statistical overview performed by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group are summarised, and some important questions left open by this overview are discussed. These includ…

Depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant clinical problem for which the etiological basis remains unclear. Several authors have asserted it to be a reactive state to progressive, disabling symptoms, whereas others have suggested a neurochemical basis. Recent evidence suggests serotonin defi…

We critically appraised the medical literature to evaluate whether there is a point beyond which blood pressure reduction in hypertensive subjects is no longer beneficial and possibly even deleterious. Thirteen studies that stratified cardiovascular outcomes by level of achieved blood pressure in treated hypertensive s…

A reliable theoretical background exists to support a secondary preventive effect of calcium antagonists after myocardial infarction. Recent studies also indicate that positive results can be achieved with diltiazem and, in particular, verapamil, provided that they are not given to patients suffering clinically manifes…

High-dose-rate (HDR) remote afterloading intracavitary brachytherapy has been widely used in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix in Europe and Asia since the 1960's. Recently, there has been an increase of interest in the use of this technique in North America. Most of the non-randomized studies suggest similar su…

The neuroimaging literature on structural brain abnormalities in the major psychoses is quantitatively reviewed. The mean effect size for studies of lateral ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia (d = .70) corresponded to 43% nonoverlap between the distributions of schizophrenics and control Ss. Planimetry yielded larger ef…

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated vaccine development and generated a rapidly evolving body of evidence before and after the vaccine rollout. We developed a robust online platform to efficiently synthesize this emerging information for current and future challenges. Expanding upon our interactive living systematic revi…

Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy summarize the accuracy, e.g. the sensitivity and specificity, of diagnostic tests in a systematic and transparent way. The aim of such a review is to investigate whether a test is sufficiently specific or sensitive to fit its role in practice, to compare the accuracy of tw…

Evidence has supported a role for serotonin system dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Many studies examined the association between OCD and a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene promoter (5-HTTLPR) but yielded inconsistent results. Current study aimed to de…

BACKGROUND: Recent studies of the relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome have revealed inconsistent results. AIMS: To assess the role of the APOE gene in the manifestation of Alzheimer's disease in adults with Down's syndrome. METHOD: We studied th…

To calculate the effect of changes in carbohydrate and fatty acid intake on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, we reviewed 27 controlled trials published between 1970 and 1991 that met specific inclusion criteria. These studies yielded 65 data points, which were analyzed by multiple regression analysis using isocalori…

Large-scale, randomized clinical trials have produced over the last few years a wide consensus about the role of thrombolysis in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been estimated from the trials with broader inclusion criteria that about 40% of the patients admitted to coronary care units with A…

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of respiratory muscle training on muscle strength and endurance, exercise capacity, and functional status in patients with chronic airflow limitation. Computerized bibliographic data bases (MEDLINE AND SCISEARCH) were searched for published clinical trails, and an i…