392,186 papers found

In most multi-arm randomized controlled trials, all participants need to be eligible to be randomized to all the arms. This means some participants are excluded from participating in multi-arm studies. We propose to relax this by considering a 'differential randomization' approach that allows the inclusion of participa…

BACKGROUND: Large language models are increasingly integrated into biomedical research workflows, yet their ability to reliably reproduce complex statistical analyses remains insufficiently evaluated. While prior studies suggest that ChatGPT can replicate conventional meta-analyses, its performance in recalculating sta…

INTRODUCTION: The disclosure of health data is governed by strict privacy regulations which significantly restrict the transfer of data across jurisdictions. These limitations restrict the scope of health research, particularly the ability to conduct studies that span multiple jurisdictions (e.g. provinces, states, or…

Clinical researchers frequently need to answer: 'If a treatment changes endpoint 1 by X%, what change in endpoint 2 should we expect?' Current meta-analytic approaches either produce biased estimates (Daniels-Hughes) or provide correlation measures without explicit translational coefficients. We demonstrate how multiva…

To address patient demand for rapid access to innovative digital medical devices (DMDs), several health technology assessment (HTA) authorities in European Union countries provide transitional or provisional access and reimbursement pathways. These pathways are available when only incomplete clinical trial data are acc…

Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) offers a powerful framework for quantitatively integrating clinical trial data to inform drug development and decision-making. In this study, a novel quantitative modeling approach using MBMA was proposed to project key efficacies of treatment in future Phase 2 or Phase 3 studies for an…

Genetic counseling plays an important role in supporting individuals and families in understanding and adapting to the clinical and/or psychological implications of genetic contribution to a condition. With the rapid expansion of genomic testing and the integration of genetic services across specialties, there is a gro…

BACKGROUND: It is common practice in meta-analysis to estimate the mean and standard deviation (SD) when only the median and other ordered statistics are published in an included study. There are several methods for this purpose. Often, the advantages of including additional studies in the meta-analysis of means by usi…

The two-trials rule in drug regulation requires statistically significant results from two pivotal trials to demonstrate efficacy. However, it is unclear how the effect estimates from both trials should be combined to quantify the drug effect. Fixed-effect meta-analysis is commonly used but may yield confidence interva…

Product ranking according to pre-specified criteria is essential for developing new technologies, allowing identification of more preferable candidates for further development. Such ranking often builds on the results of a network meta-analysis, where the relative or absolute performances of the various products are sy…

BACKGROUND: Transitivity assumption is the cornerstone of network meta-analysis (NMA). Investigating the plausibility of transitivity can unveil the credibility of NMA results. The commonness of transitivity was examined based on study dissimilarities regarding several study-level aggregate clinical and methodological…

INTRODUCTION: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (SRMAs) in neurosurgery have significantly increased. With approximately 1 million patients affected by cerebrovascular disease annually, interpreting SRMAs necessitates a systematic approach. The objective of this review is to identify and describe four essential…

OBJECTIVES: To apply a hierarchical model (HM) that addresses measurement error in regression of the treatment effect on the control group event rate (CR). We compare HM to weighted linear regression (WLR) which is subject to measurement error and mathematical coupling. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We reviewed published…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) on the risk of mortality among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients based on adjusted effect estimates. METHODS: Systematic searches were performed through electronic databases. A random-effect model was applied to calculate the pooled…

OBJECTIVES: Interrupted Time Series (ITS) are a type of nonrandomized design commonly used to evaluate public health policy interventions, and the impact of exposures, at the population level. Meta-analysis may be used to combine results from ITS across studies (in the context of systematic reviews) or across sites wit…

BACKGROUND: Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a popular tool to compare multiple treatments in medical research. It is frequently implemented via Bayesian methods. The prior choice of between-study heterogeneity is critical in Bayesian NMAs. This study evaluates the impact of different priors for heterogeneity on NMA resu…

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep research has grown substantially in recent decades, producing a large amount of data and an increasing number of meta-analyses. This study sought to establish the volume of meta-analyses in this area and assess how this level of material has developed over time. METHODS: A bibliographic search…

INTRODUCTION: Meta-analyses provide high-level evidence and understanding their trends may provide understanding of the field as a whole. Bibliometric analysis was undertaken to understand research trends in a particular field or subfield and to assess citation as a measure of impact. METHODS: All journals categorised…

AIMS: To investigate which type of exercise is the most effective for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. BACKGROUND: Exercise is recommended as a promising intervention for people with cognitive impairment. However, which type of exercise is the most beneficial for people with MCI or dementia see…

OBJECTIVES: Meta-analyses of rare events often generate unstable results, and selective reporting of the results may mislead the health care decision. Developing a synthesis plan for rare events in protocol may help to formulate the reporting. We aim to investigate whether existing protocols specified methods to deal w…