42,310 papers found

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PHT) is a potentially fatal disease. The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge of the role played by endothelin (ET) in PHT and the relevant drug regimens used in the treatment of this condition. METHODS: A detailed search via MEDLINE (Pu…

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a challenging complication after arthroplasty. Intraoperative direct sonication (sonicating explanted components or periprosthetic tissue in the operating room and inoculating processed fluid into blood culture bottles) may improve pathogen detection by disrupting biofilm. W…

OBJECTIVES: To synthesise and critically appraise evidence from randomised controlled trials directly comparing silver diamine fluoride with conventional restorative treatments for the management of cavitated dentinal caries in primary molars. DATA: Data on caries arrest and treatment failure or need for retreatment a…

Ageing is accompanied by physiological and lifestyle changes that may influence gut microbial metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are microbial metabolites derived from dietary fibre fermentation and play important roles in host metabolic and immune function. This s…

PURPOSE: Retractions in the scientific literature undermine research integrity and can have lasting effects on clinical and academic practices. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze retracted publications in the recent radiation oncology literature and to identify trends in study characteristics, reasons for…

OBJECTIVES: To systematically examine the associations between adolescent physical activity (PA) trajectories and the development of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors, and to identify key mediating pathways, including fat mass and inflammation. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of longitudinal studies. METHOD…

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral tapentadol in the management of cancer-related pain in adults. It updates the 2015 Cochrane review on the same topic by including newer trials up to March 2024. METHODS: A systematic search of Medline (via PubMed), the C…

INTRODUCTION: Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as mask use, physical distancing, business or school closure, and isolation have been central to controlling respiratory viral infections, including influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Understanding the preferences of the public and stak…

BACKGROUND: Ranges of corneal tissue removal and residual stroma are the most essential safety consideration for corneal refractive procedures and directly determine the eligibility of candidates who may benefit from surgery. Small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), a laser procedure, has been performed for more th…

BACKGROUND: Some clinical guidelines recommend initiating combination antihypertensive therapy as first-line treatment rather than monotherapy. Evidence indicates that a substantial proportion of patients with hypertension require more than one antihypertensive agent to achieve recommended blood pressure targets. Howev…

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder that significantly impacts patient health, causing physical discomfort and diminished quality of life. We aimed to compare various acupoint stimulation modalities for treating IBS using network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: We conducted a syst…

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review will examine the association between pesticide use and cancer incidence among farm workers. INTRODUCTION: Farmers are the most essential part of many countries' agriculture-based economies. Several studies have identified acute and chronic hazards associated with pesticide use, includ…

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer mortality, often requires platinum-based chemotherapy. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) improves drug delivery, while PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors enhance antitumor immunity. Preclinical studies suggest synergy, but clinical evid…

BACKGROUND: Patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) face a poor prognosis and have limited treatment options, which has prompted the initiation of clinical trials. Overall survival (OS) is the gold-standard endpoint in clinical trials, reflects the benefits patients derive from interventions. Nevertheless, utilizin…

: Vernix caseosa peritonitis (VCP) is rare. Nonspecific symptoms of acute abdomen during early puerperium make preoperative diagnosis of VCP challenging. We aimed to identify risk factors, early diagnosis and treatment options, and the association between the timing and severity of VCP diagnosis and maternal outcomes.:…

BACKGROUND: Older adults with cognitive impairment are at increased risk of falls due to impaired judgment, balance, and mobility. The effectiveness of fall prevention interventions in this population remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fall prevention interventions on fall incidence in older adu…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The management of ITP has evolved with evidence-based international guidelines. However, Iraq's unique challenges, including variations in clinical practice and treatment disparities, necessitate localized guidance to bridge global recommendations and real-world practice. This expert consensu…

Depression, a pervasive and disabling mental health disorder, presents a global healthcare challenge. Despite persistent research on its etiology and pathophysiology, many aspects remain unclear. Predominant neurobiological research and traditional pharmacotherapies have pointed out the monoamine hypothesis as a pivota…

OBJECTIVE: The impact of maternal exposure to outdoor particulate matter during pregnancy on preterm birth is still inconsistent, particularly under the unique atmospheric particulate matter pollution conditions in China, where the effects on preterm birth remain poorly understood. The study intends to evaluate the cor…

A considerable amount of morbidity and disability are caused by a wide variety of neurological illnesses together referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most prevalent and have been thoroughly studied. The development of intervention techniques that focus on…