381,590 papers found

Fluoroquinolones have similar chemical structures but wide differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles. Disparity in fluoroquinolone elimination is most evident in patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. Ofloxacin is almost exclusively eliminated by the kidney, whereas pefloxacin is predominantly cleare…

Eighteen child therapy outcome studies, containing 26 treatment/control comparisons on at least one language measure, were evaluated. Four questions were addressed: (a) Does child therapy positively impact children's language proficiencies, and are its effects comparable to those obtained on nonlanguage outcome measure…

I reexamined the relations of family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk, using data from three case-control studies. Subjects included 1,047 cases with newly diagnosed breast cancer and 2,329 controls. Family history of breast cancer showed…

Carcinogenesis is a complex and multistep process. Numerous inhibitors (either naturally occurring or synthetic) have been identified that can interfere with various phases of carcinogenesis, including the endogenous formation of carcinogens, the activation or detoxification of carcinogens, or events in tumor promotion…

The use of logistic regression for the analysis of local control data is illustrated via a re-analysis of previously published data. A larger effect of overall time is found than in the original publication. In addition, the original analysis of 50 percent effective dose (ED50) is found to have obscured the relationshi…

Decision and policy makers in dental public health are confronted increasingly with the problem of which programs make the best use of limited resources and are the most worthwhile investments. One way that the research and public health community can assist the decision process and thereby facilitate policy developmen…

Much of the research conducted on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is exploratory. The researchers' overall goal is to use clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory data to provide clues about the etiology of this syndrome. In preparation for this symposium, a review of numerous publications on CFS has indicated that the l…

A meta-analytic review of 27 studies on social skills training with schizophrenics was conducted to address 3 critical issues in the literature: (a) the magnitude of treatment effects relative to different outcome measures; (b) the extent of the generalization and maintenance of treatment effects; and (c) the impact of…

There are strong indications that post-menopausal oestrogen replacement therapy has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, due to changes in the lipid profile. There are also indications that the addition of progestogens to oestrogen therapy may negatively influence these effects on the lipid metabolism. The…

The relationship between propranolol and depression is a subject of controversy. Numerous case reports suggest that propranolol can cause depression, but two small prospective trials have failed to confirm this. The contemporary psychiatric literature is divided as to whether propranolol can cause depression. This stud…

STUDY DESIGN: The present study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to conduct a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses comparing ACDR with fusion for treating CDDD in order to assist decision make…

CONTEXT: Many studies report volume abnormalities in diverse brain structures in patients with various mental health conditions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there is evidence for an excess number of statistically significant results in studies of brain volume abnormalities that suggest the presence of bias in the l…

We examined the influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) on mortality in patients with heart failure of both ischaemic or non-ischaemic origin. Eleven, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of ACE inhibitors involving 1266 patients were selected. The follow-up period varied from 3 to 6 mon…

PURPOSE: To examine the differential effect of stress ulcer prophylaxis on overt bleeding, clinically important bleeding, and mortality in critically ill patients. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Computerized bibliographic search of published and unpublished research. STUDY SELECTION: Independent review of 168 articles identifi…

To evaluate the relation between use of oral contraceptives and the incidence of breast cancer, the authors reviewed the epidemiologic literature and used quantitative methods to summarize the data. Study results for any use of oral contraceptives were pooled using a model that accounted for both interstudy and intrast…

INTRODUCTION: Cervical lesions often demand specialized approaches due to their anatomical position, and the effectiveness of these techniques may vary among clinicians. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effectiveness of various adhesive strategies combined with different restorative materials for managing cavitated…

BACKGROUND: Ventral hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide, yet there is no consensus on the safest and most effective approach. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the optimal surgical technique for ventral hernia repair. STUDY DESIGN: We systematically searched P…

BACKGROUND: The interim results of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial requires physicians to use a higher threshold for employing antiarrhythmic agents in the treatment of benign or potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Many have managed patients by switching to the traditional class I quinidine despite its…

Since the relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer has not been consistent we undertook a meta-analysis of studies published to date. Papers were located by searching the MEDLINE data base, supplemented by a hand search of all the references in the articles recovered. Studies were graded as to qual…