391,898 papers found

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used to reduce blood loss in spine surgery. Different administration routes, including intravenous (IV), topical, and oral, have been studied, but a comprehensive comparison of their efficacy and safety remains lacking. This network meta-analysis aims to compare the effective…

IMPORTANCE: Retractions are rising in the scientific literature, increasing the risk of reusing unreliable results. OBJECTIVES: To identify reports of systematic reviews that included retracted studies in their meta-analyses, and to assess the impact of these retracted studies on the results. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PAR…

BACKGROUND: Statins have been shown to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with clinical history of coronary heart disease. However, it remains uncertain whether statins have similar mortality benefit in a high-risk primary prevention setting. Notably, all systematic reviews to date included trials…

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and often fatal malignancy. Numerous studies have demonstrated promising outcomes and survival rates associated with adjuvant photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the palliative treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the existing meta-analyses on PDT fo…

PURPOSE: To evaluate the heterogeneity in the definition of delirium in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in meta-analyses of delirium in intensive care units (ICUs) and to explore whether intervention effect depends on the definition used. METHODS: We searched PubMed for meta-analyses including RCTs evalua…

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To appraise the current reporting methodological quality of meta-analyses in five leading gastroenterology and hepatology journals, and to identify the variables associated with the reporting quality. METHODS: We systematically searched the literature of meta-analyses in Gastroenterology, Gut, Hepa…

The antibody to the alternative pathway C3 convertase, designated C3 nephritic factor or C3NeF, is an autoantibody that is produced in everyone from the time of birth. The elaboration of C3NeF utilizes germline V-region genes which undergo antigen-driven affinity maturation, resulting in an autoantibody that is produce…

The purpose of this study was to analyze critical care nursing practice research published in leading refereed nursing research journals during the period from 1979 to 1988 to identify knowledge-building methods and research outcomes in critical care nursing. Findings indicate a significant increase in the number of nu…

A multitude of therapeutic regimens have been proposed for the management of peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). There are, however, few clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy of these proposed regimens in a prospective, comparative fashion. This retrospective report…

Mitoxantrone, an anthracenedione derivative, has been used for preclinical and clinical studies from the end of the 1970s. Several working mechanisms are suggested such as intercalation and electrostatic interactions with DNA with or without involvement of topoisomerase II, immunosuppressive effects and inhibition of p…

This paper reports an analysis of literature data pertaining to the fraction of particles resulting from regional weapons fallout intercepted by vegetation. A simple model for the interception parameter, alpha, was developed that predicted an increasing interception fraction with increasing distance from detonation sit…

There is a general move towards greater emphasis on point and interval estimates of treatment effect in reporting of clinical trials, so that significance testing plays a lesser role. In this article we examine a number of issues which affect the use and interpretation of conventional estimation methods. Should we acce…

To determine digestible-energy values (DEVs) for unavailable carbohydrate (UC), an analysis was made of published data on 29 human diets with UC from several sources and intakes ranging from 4 to 93 g/d. A distinction was made between apparent DEVs, derived from UC intake and fecal loss, and partial DEVs, derived from…

The authors assessed all measures of religious commitment (N = 139) reported in research studies published in the American Journal of Psychiatry and Archives of General Psychiatry in 1978 through 1989 (N less than 35). For nearly two-thirds of the measures, the studies either made no hypotheses or reported no results c…

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in North America. Most studies indicate that women are just as likely as men to have an initial stroke but less likely to have a recurrent stroke. Aspirin and ticlopidine are two antiplatelet drugs that reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by 25% to 30%. In some stroke preventi…

Issues in the statistical evaluation for therapeutic efficacy of surgical adjuvant modality therapy on the patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancers were mentioned as follows: 1) When a therapeutic effect is evaluated, it is important that a well-controlled, randomized trial should be requested under the statist…

A review of recent phase II and III studies in advanced gastric carcinoma is presented. Several combination regimens have been developed with high activity in locally advanced and metastatic disease. Among them are etoposide plus adriamycin plus cisplatin (EAP), etoposide plus 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin (ELF), cont…

Studies on dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and schizophrenia are reviewed and the incidence of nonsuppression in the group of studies on schizophrenic patients is compared to that in the group of studies on normal controls from a previous review article. The incidence of nonsuppression in schizophrenic patients (2…

Monotherapy of hypertension should be the goal of treatment. Even in the elderly hypertensive patient there is a good response to monotherapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as well as to diuretics and calcium channel blockers, despite the low plasma renin activity seen in the elderly. Adverse effects on…

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Identifying generalizable brain imaging markers from large multi-center datasets remains challenging due to varying statistical aggregation approaches and p-hacking with increasing big data. We hypothesized that effect size (ES) inference surpasses P-value-based inference in reliably identify…