11,606,500 papers found

BACKGROUND: Designing questionnaires is a key point of epidemiological studies assessing human exposure to chemicals. The lack of validated questionnaires can lead to the use of previously developed and sub-optimally adapted questionnaires, which may result in information biases that affect the study's validity. On thi…

BACKGROUND: To describe the BV anatomy in detail, to compare previous BV descriptions and illustrations to the current study's findings and photograms, to show the BV topographic relation of the BV to the urethral meatus, to document the BV anatomy using photograms. METHODS: Ten fresh human female adult cadavers were…

Assuring the effectiveness of Web sites in communicating critical information to a college student who has experienced sexual assault is important and complex. Recognizing that the average American reads at the eighth grade level, the National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association recommend that inf…

PURPOSE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. S100B protein is shown to be involved in microglial activation besides intracellular signaling, intercellular communication and cell growth. The relation between S100B protein and various psychiatric disorders ex…

Recognized as the gold standard, human milk (HM) is an extremely complex yet fascinating biofluid tailored to meet an infant's nutritional requirements throughout development. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds (endocannabinoid metabolome, ECM) are endogenous lipid mediators derived from long-chain pol…

This study evaluated the impact of calories from sugar on the calorie share of other macronutrients in the Brazilian family diet. The study's estimates are based on data from the Household Budget Survey conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics from July 2002 to June 2003. Multiple linear regress…

Emerging approaches that enable high-throughput analysis of the plasma proteome have been increasingly deployed in nephrology research. Kobayashi et al. provide a valuable addition to this literature, describing an untargeted proteomic analysis of diabetic kidney disease progression to end-stage kidney disease. Th…

A confounder is a variable that influences the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. This means that a difference in outcome is not only explained by the factor that we think explains it (the exposure), but also (completely or partly) by another factor (the confounder). Confounding underpins the hackneyed ex…

Implementation of artificial intelligence systems for healthcare is challenging. Understanding the barriers and implementation strategies can impact their adoption and allows for better anticipation and planning. This study's objective was to create a detailed inventory of barriers to and strategies for AI implementati…

The primary purpose of this exploratory investigation was to examine self-concealment behaviors and social self-efficacy skills as potential mediators in the relationship between acculturative stress and depression in a sample of 320 African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. The authors found s…

Increased intestinal permeability and gut dysbiosis are important factors in the pathophysiology of psoriasis and its associated conditions. Claudin-3 is a protein that is found in tight junctions and may be used to assess the integrity of the gut barrier. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentration of…

Exploring beliefs about personal risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential to understanding what motivates people to engage in behaviors that reduce or increase their risk of HIV infection. Therefore, the current study's objective was to examine the effects of a Rational-Emotive Health Educatio…

HYPOTHESIS: A 9.4-T magnetic resonance (MR) field may cause motion displacement of the middle ear and stapes implants not previously observed with 1.5- and 3.0-T magnets. BACKGROUND: Publications have described the safety limitations of some otologic implants in 4.7-T field and resulted in several companywide patient…

BACKGROUND: For early phase trials of novel interventions-such as gene transfer for Parkinson disease (PD)--whose focus is primarily on safety and tolerability, it is important that participants have a realistic understanding of the goals of such research. Recently, some have expressed concern that patients with PD may…

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) provides frameworks for the systematic review of study methodology and results. Thus, EBM frameworks facilitate assessing a study's ability to produce unbiased and accurate results and applying the results to the management of individual patients. Using EBM frameworks, published literature…

Commentary on Heller et al.'s (1991) peer telephone intervention for elderly women addresses three issues: (a) the sources and kinds of information needed to inform decisions about the choice of intervention; (b) the criteria used to evaluate the process and outcomes of support interventions; (c) the social psychologic…

OBJECTIVES: To assess international comparability of general cost of illness (COI) studies and to examine the extent to which COI estimates differ and why. METHODS: Five general COI studies were examined. COI estimates were classified by health provider using the system of health accounts (SHA). Provider groups fully…

In a large-scale genetic association study, the number of phenotyped individuals available for sequencing may, in some cases, be greater than the study's sequencing budget will allow. In that case, it can be important to prioritize individuals for sequencing in a way that optimizes power for association with the trait.…

English language learning through mobile devices has significantly transformed educational practices over the past decade. With the increasing prevalence of smartphones and tablets, learners can access a wealth of resources that enhance their language acquisition process. This study investigates the impact of mobile-as…

The authors describe the relative benefits of conducting meta-analyses with (a) individual participant data (IPD) gathered from the constituent studies and (b) aggregated data (AD), or the group-level statistics (in particular, effect sizes) that appear in reports of a study's results. Given that both IPD and AD are eq…