391,898 papers found

In a survey of clinical trials concerning the efficacy of short-contact therapy with anthralin in psoriasis vulgaris, focusing principally on methodologic issues, twenty-four papers published between January 1982 and December 1989, in English, French, and Italian, were selected. Nine of 24 papers reported on more than…

Eighteen child therapy outcome studies, containing 26 treatment/control comparisons on at least one language measure, were evaluated. Four questions were addressed: (a) Does child therapy positively impact children's language proficiencies, and are its effects comparable to those obtained on nonlanguage outcome measure…

Several studies were conducted recently to evaluate the use of Fiber-Optic Trans-Illumination (FOTI) in the diagnosis of approximal carious lesions. All these studies utilized radiographic readings to validate the FOTI diagnoses. Other investigations studied the value of radiographic readings using more solid validatin…

Current neurosurgical opinion favors the radical surgical removal of supratentorial gliomas, when feasible, in the belief that this optimizes patient survival. Although bolstered by the results of some early investigators, the efficacy of this approach remains debatable. Therefore, we undertook a review of the English…

Thymidine has been available for clinical research as a rescue agent since 1978 under sponsorship of the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute. Renal insufficiency following administration of high dose methotrexate results in prolonged exposure to toxic concentrations of drug. Thymidine has been used…

To define further the effectiveness of nonsurgical therapy for idiopathic scoliosis, predefined criteria were established for selection and data retrieval from studies of therapy and natural history, and the results were synthesized quantitatively. Only studies of patients with no more than a 50 degree Cobb angle scoli…

The author processed in the form of a literary analysis the results of the clinical studies performed with Tri-Regol tablet so far. Within this scope he discusses the contraceptive effect, the tolerance of the women, the therapeutical use, the possibility of managing intolerance to other tablets, and some other matters…

Antacids have been used as remedies for benign gastroduodenal disorders for centuries. They were regarded to be effective in relieving gastric pain and symptoms of hyperacidity and in promoting ulcer healing. The effectiveness was based on empiric observations and was not derived from the controlled clinical trials dat…

Two criteria for an interpretation of noneffect are that the relative risk estimate be near unity and that the confidence interval be narrow; lack of statistical significance has no bearing on this issue. A further requirement is that the relative risk estimate not be near the null value as an effect of non-differentia…

OBJECTIVE: Significant efficacy heterogeneity exists between first- and second-line immunotherapy regimens for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (SqNSCLC), but most regimens lack directly comparable clinical trial evidence, resulting in unclear prioritization. This analysis identifies optimal treatment strat…

Recent technological advances in the field of big data have increased our capabilities to query large databases and combine information from different domains and disciplines. In the area of preclinical studies, initiatives like SEND (Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data) will also contribute to collect and presen…

OBJECTIVE: To meta-analyse the diagnostic accuracy of US, CT, MRI and 1H-MRS for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis. METHODS: From a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane (up to November 2009), articles were selected that investigated the diagnostic performance imaging techniques for…

The thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), is used as a supplement to antidepressant treatment of major depression, to accelerate and enhance response and as an augmenter in patients who have not responded. While there is support from controlled trials and meta-analyses for the use of T3 in conjunction with tricyclic…

BACKGROUND: Several recent randomized clinical trials have found that the medications being evaluated for neuropathic pain did not significantly differ from placebo for the primary efficacy endpoint, despite encouraging results from prior preclinical and clinical studies. It is unclear whether these trials were unsucce…

OBJECTIVE: To reconcile conflicting reports of antibiotic efficacy for otitis media with effusion in children. DATA SOURCES: English-language MEDLINE search ("antibiotics" and "otitis" media with effusion") from January 1980 through December 1990. Current Contents 1990, consultation with experts, and references from r…

The relationship between apoE phenotype and plasma lipid levels was analyzed in the combined data of published studies. Accordingly, 45 population samples from 17 different countries were included in the analysis. The mean plasma values of cholesterol (CH), triglyceride (TG), and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-CH of th…

Identifying effective adjuvant treatments for patients with node-negative breast cancer is made difficult by the heterogeneity of the disease, the relatively low event rate and long follow-up time required, and the small magnitude of effects of current therapies. Several aspects of clinical trials that influence the ap…

We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature concerning breast cancer and estrogen replacement therapy. The overall relative risk of breast cancer associated with this therapy was 1.07. However, the variation of the estimated risks among the studies was far greater than could plausibly be explained by chance alone. T…

Trials on chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer published between 1975-88 were systematically reviewed for quality (according to the method of Chalmers) and consistency of tested hypotheses with a view to a meta-analysis of all published studies in the field. Median overall, internal and external validity scores were…

In order to generate information about the relative effectiveness of the most widely used pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the prophylaxis of recurrent migraine (i.e., propranolol HCl and combined relaxation/thermal biofeedback training), meta-analysis was used to integrate results from 25 clin…