381,592 papers found

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Existing evidence suggests that conventional and bulk-fill resin composites (RCs) do not fully restore the physiological fracture resistance of teeth with extensive MOD cavities, leaving posterior restorations susceptible to bulk fracture, particularly in structurally compromised or endodontically…

OBJECTIVE: Nonpharmacological (alternative) interventions (NPIs) for pain relief during vaginal delivery have gained popularity, as adjuncts to pharmacological interventions or as primary treatment. METHODS: We searched PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Ovid Discovery for observational trials published through May 2024. Thi…

OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal whole-body vibration training (WBVT) mechanical vibration frequency for enhancing muscle strength, static balance, dynamic balance, and gait performance among older adults through systematic review and network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emb…

The majority of reported complex disease associations for common genetic variants have been identified through meta-analysis, a powerful approach that enables the use of large sample sizes while protecting against common artifacts due to population structure and repeated small-sample analyses sharing individual-level d…

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relative risk for serious gastrointestinal complications due to non-aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) exposure among NSAID users as well as in selected subgroups. DESIGN: Overview and meta-analysis. DATA IDENTIFICATION: A literature search of English-language studies exami…

Publication bias occurs if the results from studies which have not been published are different from the published ones. From a Bayesian viewpoint, it also concerns non-publication of studies with similar results as the published ones because the strength of the evidence will be influenced. Publication bias complicates…

In a survey of clinical trials concerning the efficacy of short-contact therapy with anthralin in psoriasis vulgaris, focusing principally on methodologic issues, twenty-four papers published between January 1982 and December 1989, in English, French, and Italian, were selected. Nine of 24 papers reported on more than…

Several studies were conducted recently to evaluate the use of Fiber-Optic Trans-Illumination (FOTI) in the diagnosis of approximal carious lesions. All these studies utilized radiographic readings to validate the FOTI diagnoses. Other investigations studied the value of radiographic readings using more solid validatin…

Current neurosurgical opinion favors the radical surgical removal of supratentorial gliomas, when feasible, in the belief that this optimizes patient survival. Although bolstered by the results of some early investigators, the efficacy of this approach remains debatable. Therefore, we undertook a review of the English…

Thymidine has been available for clinical research as a rescue agent since 1978 under sponsorship of the Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute. Renal insufficiency following administration of high dose methotrexate results in prolonged exposure to toxic concentrations of drug. Thymidine has been used…

To define further the effectiveness of nonsurgical therapy for idiopathic scoliosis, predefined criteria were established for selection and data retrieval from studies of therapy and natural history, and the results were synthesized quantitatively. Only studies of patients with no more than a 50 degree Cobb angle scoli…

The author processed in the form of a literary analysis the results of the clinical studies performed with Tri-Regol tablet so far. Within this scope he discusses the contraceptive effect, the tolerance of the women, the therapeutical use, the possibility of managing intolerance to other tablets, and some other matters…

Antacids have been used as remedies for benign gastroduodenal disorders for centuries. They were regarded to be effective in relieving gastric pain and symptoms of hyperacidity and in promoting ulcer healing. The effectiveness was based on empiric observations and was not derived from the controlled clinical trials dat…

Two criteria for an interpretation of noneffect are that the relative risk estimate be near unity and that the confidence interval be narrow; lack of statistical significance has no bearing on this issue. A further requirement is that the relative risk estimate not be near the null value as an effect of non-differentia…

OBJECTIVE: Significant efficacy heterogeneity exists between first- and second-line immunotherapy regimens for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (SqNSCLC), but most regimens lack directly comparable clinical trial evidence, resulting in unclear prioritization. This analysis identifies optimal treatment strat…

The association between different air pollutants and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing topic of interest in public health research. This umbrella review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate current literature on the association between various outdoor air pollutants and T2DM. Subgroups and dose-response re…

BACKGROUND: The interest in psychedelics as a therapeutic intervention for existential distress of people with terminal illness grounds on their mechanism of action and effect on the spiritual/existential aspects accompanying end-of-life experiences. AIMS: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed at exam…

AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of all brief multidomain alternatives to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of dementia. METHODS: A literature search, critical appraisal, and meta-analysis were conducted of robust diagnostic validity studies involving cognitive batteries. Twenty-nine di…

Despite the common lay assumption that males and females are profoundly different, Hyde (2005) used data from 46 meta-analyses to demonstrate that males and females are highly similar. Nonetheless, the gender similarities hypothesis has remained controversial. Since Hyde's provocative report, there has been an explosio…

This article reviews psychosocial correlates of adolescent substance use by focusing on the recent empirical literature. Using a tabular format, an attempt is made to provide a facile tool for referencing the literature. Examination of the literature reveals considerable diversity among explanations regarding the varia…