42,213 papers found

INTRODUCTION: Dental plaque is the major etiological factor associated with the development of gingivitis. Hence, maintenance of oral hygiene is very essential. AIM: To systematically review the literature on the effects of a post toothbrushing rinsing on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation. MATERIALS AND…

There is a growing body of work examining whether a palatal injection is necessary for the extraction of maxillary teeth with contemporary local anaesthetics. The available literature was reviewed systematically by conducting a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases for trials examining outcomes o…

Obesity is a multifactorial disease related to metabolic disorders and associated with genetic determinants. Currently, ion channels activity has been linked to many of these disorders, in addition to the central regulation of food intake, energetic balance, hormone release and response, as well as the adipocyte cell p…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of statin therapy on the recurrence rate in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) after electrical cardioversion. METHODS: PubMed, EMBbase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials were searched up to February 2015 to identify randomized controlled trials, which repo…

Radical resection of the bursa omentalis (radical bursectomy) as part of a curative resection for gastric cancer has been advised for close to a century. However, the postulated associated morbidity and lack of a clear benefit in terms of survival preclude its routine use. To objectively review the available evidence o…

OBJECTIVE: To review potential therapeutic targets and future therapeutic molecules in premature ejaculation (PE). PE is the most prevalent sexual dysfunction and affects about 23% of the male population. It is a universal disorder: it is independent of age and social or marital status. Men with PE typically refer asso…

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether children with brain tumors have a higher risk of complications while participating in sports. We sought to estimate the prevalence of such events by conducting a systematic review of the literature, and we surveyed providers involved with pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor pa…

CONTEXT: Anesthetic drugs including halogenated anesthetics have been common for many years. Consequent hepatic injury has been reported in the literature. The mechanism of injury is immunoallergic. The first generation drug was halothane; it had the most toxicity when compared to other drugs. The issue becomes more im…

BACKGROUND: Although consumer and community engagement (CCE) in health care is receiving increasing attention, research and practice in this area are hampered by the variability of concepts and terminology commonly employed. This scoping meta-review aims to identify key CCE concepts and examine terminology used to desc…

INTRODUCTION: Bidirectional interactions between cells and fluidic surroundings regulate cellular functions and maintain tissue or organ architecture. Accordingly, the synovial fluid is the primary source of environmental signals and determines to a great extent the molecular interactions within the joint capsule, both…

INTRODUCTION: Numerous studies have been conducted in developed countries to evaluate the impact of interventions designed to reduce hospital admissions or length of stay (LOS) amongst frail older people. In this study, we have undertaken a systematic review of the recent international literature (2007-present) to help…

To analyze the extent of academic interest in quality improvement (QI) initiatives in medical practice, annual publication trends for the most well-known QI methodologies being used in health care settings were analyzed. A total of 10 key medical- and business-oriented library databases were examined: PubMed, Ovid MEDL…

BACKGROUND: Anticonvulsant therapy is sometimes used prophylactically in patients with chronic subdural haematoma, although the benefit is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of prophylactic anticonvulsants in patients with chronic subdural haematoma, in both the pre- and post-operative periods. SEARCH METHODS…

BACKGROUND: Surgery has traditionally been learned on patients in the operating room, which is time-consuming, can have an impact on the patient outcomes, and is of variable effectiveness. As a result, surgical training models have been developed, which are compared in this systematic review. METHODS: We searched Pubm…

BACKGROUND: Surgical checklists are designed to improve patient outcomes following surgery. While such checklists have been widely implemented worldwide, few studies examine surgical checklists within an Australian context. For this purpose, we have performed a literature review using data from OECD member nations to d…

OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the management of small renal masses. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (through March 2012) using PubMed, the Cochrane Central Search Library (though March 2012), and Web of Science (through March 2012). We retrieved citations using the text terms "sma…

BACKGROUND/AIM: The role of diet as the cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) has been suggested. The aim of the current review was to determine if there exists sufficient evidence linking nutrition, or the lack of it, to the pathogenesis of AP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the scientific literature was car…

CONTEXT: Intestinal transplant has become a standard treatment option in the management of patients with irreversible intestinal failure. The histologic evaluation of small-bowel allograft biopsy specimens plays a central role in assessing the integrity of the graft. It is essential for the management of acute cellular…

BACKGROUND: Iron overload syndromes encompass a wide range of hereditary and acquired conditions. Major developments in the field of genetics and the discovery of hepcidin as a central regulator of iron homeostasis have greatly increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of iron overload syndromes. AIM: To revi…

To review the current status of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the treatment of intractable overactive bladder symptoms, the PubMed English-language literature was used to address efficacy, technical issues, alternative techniques, the mechanism of action, adverse events, the cost-effectiveness, and current considerat…