381,592 papers found

Currently, North American intergroup trials are conducted according to the Intergroup Guidelines, which require that a lead group take responsibility for data management. Intergroup studies conducted in this manner have been very successful in rapidly accruing large numbers of patients to trials addressing significant…

Many randomised controlled trials compare treatments that will produce only moderate differences in outcome, but these differences can be clinically important. However, they are difficult to assess reliably and require a large amount of randomised evidence. This can be achieved through large prospective randomised tria…

We discuss methods for summarizing epidemiologic studies of dose-response. The data from such a study typically appear as a series of dose-specific relative risks, with one category serving as the common reference group. We present methods for estimating the dose-response parameters from single and multiple study repor…

Earlier studies demonstrated that moclobemide has good efficacy as an antidepressant. Its efficacy was comparable to reference antidepressants, both in endogenous and non-endogenous depression. A meta-analysis was performed of recent data from more than 2000 patients who had participated in double-blind trials with moc…

INTRODUCTION: Physician burnout is a global crisis compromising healthcare sustainability and patient safety. Balint groups, a structured case-based discussion intervention focusing on the doctor-patient relationship, are increasingly used to mitigate this distress. However, existing evidence regarding their efficacy r…

BACKGROUND: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a progressive subtype of steatotic liver disease, imposes a substantial global health burden due to its association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) demonstrate therapeutic potential through pl…

BACKGROUND: Marked by high mortality rates on a global scale, with disease mortality being notably focused among older adults, the COVID-19 pandemic has become a significant health crisis. Despite the numerous publications on COVID-19 mortality among older adults, there is still a gap in knowledge when considering cent…

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, lung cancer (LC) is the second most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer related mortality. Low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduced LC mortality by 20-24% in randomised trials of high-risk populations. A significant proportion of those screened have nodules detected that are found to be b…

BACKGROUND: Offspring of parents with a mental disorder are at high risk of a range of adverse outcomes, highlighting the need for preventive interventions. However, a comprehensive overview of the beneficial and harmful effects of preventive interventions for parents with mental disorders on offspring outcomes are unc…

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections continue to be a significant challenge following colorectal surgery. These can result in extended hospital stays, hospital readmissions, increased treatment costs, and negative effects on patients' quality of life. Antibiotic prophylaxis plays a crucial role in preventing infection…

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer remains the primary cause of cancer-related deaths on a global scale. Surgery is the main therapeutic option for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal surgical approach for lymph node assessment in NSCLC resection remains controversial, and it is still uncertain whether lymp…

OBJECTIVES: This umbrella review aimed to consolidate the evidence base on the impact of high-fidelity simulation on knowledge and performance among undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN: Umbrella review with meta-analyses of pooled effect sizes, followed by an additional meta-analysis of primary studies from the inc…

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. With advances in early diagnosis and treatment of CVD and increasing life expectancy, more people are surviving initial CVD events. However, models for stratifying disease severity risk in patients with established CVD…

BACKGROUND: Despite the enormous financial and humanistic burden of chronic low back pain (CLBP), there is little consensus on what constitutes the best treatment options from a multitude of competing interventions. The objective of this network meta-analysis (NMA) is to determine the relative efficacy and acceptabilit…

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) is 17%, and the incidence is 12% worldwide. Adverse consequences for mothers and babies have been associated with this disease. To assess the effectiveness of psychological, psychoeducational and psychosocial interventions in preventing PPD, a systematic revie…

BACKGROUND: White spot lesions (WSLs) are common adverse effects in fixed orthodontic treatment. Remineralising agents are widely used to prevent WSLs formation and are the first-line treatment for existing WSLs. Previous systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of remineralisation agents in the management o…

BACKGROUND: Hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are among the leading causes of mortality globally. Exercise is one of the commonly recommended interventions/preventions for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. However, the previous reviews have shown conflict…

BACKGROUND: Depression is common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and is associated with poorer outcomes and higher costs. Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) targeting depression, of various modalities (including pharmacological, psychotherapeutic and other approaches), have been conducted and su…

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of symptoms of developmentally inappropriate and impaired inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, with difficulties often continuing into adulthood. ADHD can come with other comorbid con…

BACKGROUND: Previous meta-analyses have found several advantages of icodextrin compared with glucose in the application of peritoneal dialysis (PD), such as an improvement of peritoneal ultrafiltration during the long dwell and a reduction in episodes of uncontrolled fluid overload. However, the effect of icodextrin on…