381,592 papers found

This paper examines the clinical research methodologies used for the evaluation of cleft lip and palate therapies. A survey of clinical reports in the Cleft Palate Journal between 1964 and 1988 revealed that almost all used retrospective methods (96%). The authors examine the merits and biases associated with retrospec…

Incidental carcinoma of the prostate is a protean disease with a natural course which may be indolent or aggressive, with prognosis correlated with histologic grade and extent of disease. Treatment of this pathologic entity has varied over time and has been governed by institutional policy rather than randomized compar…

The histologic and cytologic distinction of malignant mesothelioma from carcinomas metastatic to the pleura or peritoneum is often problematic. For this reason immunologic methods are being increasingly used as diagnostic adjuncts. This review summarizes 40 studies on the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in mesot…

Coronary heart disease mortality has declined in the United States since 1968. Because diet has been implicated, a search was conducted of published individual assessments of food intake since 1920. One hundred seventy-one studies, ranging from 8 to 20,000 subjects and covering all ages, all ethnic groups, and both sex…

Flow cytometric determination of DNA ploidy, the DNA index, and the percentage of cells in the S-phase fraction of the cell cycle have recently emerged as prognostic factors in several human cancers. In most human carcinomas DNA aneuploidy appears to be associated with unfavorable prognosis as compared with diploid or…

The need for further information on drug utilization patterns during pregnancy in different countries was assessed by reviewing literature obtained by hand and computer searches for the years 1960-1988. The 13 identified studies showed that pregnant women used an average of 4.7 drugs. The most commonly ingested medicat…

BACKGROUND: Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1PRM) are used to treat relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Each drug has a different S1PR-subtype selectivity. They target the G-protein coupled S1P receptors and exert significant immunomodulatory effects, such as preventing the formation of new CNS lesions and…

Cancer-related complications pose significant challenges in the management and treatment of patients with malignancies. Several meta-analyses have indicated improving effects of probiotics on cancer complications, while some studies have reported contentious findings. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate th…

Co-activation of distinct brain areas provides a valuable measure of functional interaction, or connectivity, between them. One well-validated way to investigate the co-activation patterns of a precise area is meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM), which performs a seed-based meta-analysis on task-based functional…

Network meta-analysis (NMA) usually provides estimates of the relative effects with the highest possible precision. However, sparse networks with few available studies and limited direct evidence can arise, threatening the robustness and reliability of NMA estimates. In these cases, the limited amount of available info…

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether Oxaliplatin (OXA) is effective in advanced gastric cancer. METHODS: Clinical trials of OXA-based chemotherapy (treatment group) versus DDP-based chemotherapy (control group) in advanced gastric cancer which published in 6 years were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (…

There is increasing interest in being able to express the consequences of exposure to potentially toxic compounds in monetary terms in order to evaluate potential cost-benefit relationships of controlling exposure. Behavioral effects of acute toluene exposure could be subjected to cost-benefit analysis if the effects o…

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The extensive neuroprotective literature describing the efficacy of candidate drugs in focal ischemia has yet to lead to the development of effective stroke treatments. Ideally, the choice of drugs taken forward to clinical trial should be based on an unbiased assessment of all available data. S…

OBJECTIVE: To examine the temporal relationship between accumulating data from randomized control trials of treatments for myocardial infarction and the recommendations of clinical experts writing review articles and textbook chapters. DATA SOURCES: (1) MEDLINE search from 1966 to present; search terms used were myoca…

BACKGROUND: Considerable differences in the estimates of the risk of upper gastrointestinal tract disease associated with treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been observed. We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies of upper gastrointestinal tract disease related to NSAIDs to an…

PURPOSE: A meta-analysis was performed to compare survival after treatment with melphalan and prednisolone (M + P) with that after combination chemotherapy (CCT) in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: Meta-analysis was performed on 18 published trials comprising 3,814 patients comparing M + P with CCT. Two-year s…

Chronic delta hepatitis is a severe disease with a rapidly progressive course for which currently no effective treatment exists. Treatment with alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) can inhibit HDV replication and improve serum chemistries in a number of patients. Meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials using at leas…

A meta-analysis, involving the secondary analysis of original data from 11 case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease, is presented for alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Five studies included in the meta-analysis of alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption was computed in terms of average weekly intake, measu…

The effect of verapamil on death and major events (i.e., death or reinfarction) after an acute myocardial infarction was studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial II (DAVIT II). Eight hundred seventy-eight patients started treatment with verapami…

The natural history of cranial dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) is highly variable. The authors present their clinical experience with 17 dural AVM's in adults, including 10 cases with an aggressive neurological course (strictly defined as hemorrhage or progressive focal neurological deficit other than ophthal…