44,621 papers found

BACKGROUND: In an attempt to avoid unknown influence, most neuroimaging studies examining the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exclude patients taking medications. Here we review the empirical evidence for relevant medications having a confounding effect on task performance or cerebral blood flow…

OBJECTIVE: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects all age groups. Recent data on the clinical presentation, comorbidity, neurobiology, and treatment are reviewed. METHOD: Using the search term ADHD, a selective PubMed review of the clinical literature was undertak…

BACKGROUND: Wheeze is a common symptom in infancy and is a common cause for both primary care consultations and hospital admission. Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists (b2-agonists) are the most frequently used as bronchodilator but their efficacy is questionable. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of b2-agonist for t…

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of unimodal or multimodal prehabilitation on patients undergoing surgery for esophagogastric cancer. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from database inception to May 5, 2023, for randomized…

PURPOSE: Cataract surgery in patients with uveitis is challenging, and postoperative inflammation control is crucial for successful outcomes. No consensus exists regarding the optimal method of controlling postoperative inflammation. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we compared the outcome of intravitreal i…

PURPOSE: Transurethral resection (TURP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) constitute established surgical options to treat benign prostate hyperplasia. We investigated the current literature for simulators that could be used as a tool for teaching urologists alone or within the boundaries of a cours…

INTRODUCTION: The term caudal duplication syndrome (CDS) was first introduced for complex anomalies of the distal caudal end of the trunk. The pathoembryogenesis of CDS is yet unknown, although a few theories have been proposed. We reviewed the previously proposed pathoembryogenetic theories and suggested a new perspec…

PURPOSE: Chronic pain develops as a frequent health issue for cancer survivors. It affects both their physical and mental well-being. Although pain management is important, long-term care strategies are often lacking. The aim of this systematic review and narrative synthesis was to examine the prevalence of chronic pai…

Prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC)-including coma, vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (VS/UWS), and minimally conscious state (MCS)-remain diagnostically and therapeutically challenging. Even with validated instruments such as the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R), behavioral assessment yield…

BACKGROUND: Sellar region tumors, such as craniopharyngiomas, pituitary adenomas, and chordomas, pose substantial surgical complexity. Although outcomes have improved, venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT), remains a significant postoperative risk. While prior studies report elevated VTE…

BACKGROUND: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in the diagnostic workup of canine central nervous system (CNS) disorders, its role in neosporosis has not been systematically characterised. Numerous questions remain regarding optimal diagnostic approaches and treatment protocols, and large-scale…

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) technology represents a novel non-pharmacological intervention demonstrating unique advantages in treating neuropathic pain (NP) following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, systematic clinical guidelines for its application remain lacking. OBJECTIVE: To systematically sort out the app…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) are significant vascular events that impact patient health and mortality. Both conditions share common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. This study investigated the potential connection between R…

BACKGROUND: Bartonella species are fastidious, intracellular bacteria responsible for an expanding array of human pathologies. Most are considered to be transmitted by direct inoculation with infected bodily fluids from a mammalian reservoir species or vector-transmitted through a variety of arthropod species and their…

BACKGROUND: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-chromosome-linked disorder characterized by a reduced or complete absence of the enzyme α-galactosidase, resulting in the accumulation of lysosomal globotriaosylceramide. Despite the presence of these deposits in multiple organs, the problem of sleep disorders within this po…

INTRODUCTION: Between 20% and 28% of community-dwelling older people experience a fall each year. Falls can result in significant personal and socioeconomic costs, and are the leading cause of admission to hospital for an older person in Australia. Exercise interventions that target balance are the most effective for p…

BACKGROUND: The structured days hypothesis posits that 'structured days' (i.e., days with pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environments) reduce youth obesogenic behaviors. Structured days may be especially important for adolescents', as adolescence (12-19 years) is a period of developmental milestones and i…

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique neurovascular interface essential for central nervous system homeostasis. Beyond its classical protective role, accumulating evidence points to the BBB as a dynamic structure actively involved in brain function in health and disease. The present review synthesizes clinical, mol…

Neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders remain difficult to treat because conventional enzyme replacement therapies generally do not reach therapeutically meaningful concentrations in the central nervous system. Miglustat (1,5-(butylimino)-1,5-dideoxy-D-glucitol; N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin) is an orally administered im…

Obesity is associated with adverse retinal microvascular changes, including narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), wider central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) and lower arteriovenous ratio (AVR). Although bariatric surgery improves cardiometabolic risk, its effect on retinal microvascular calibre re…