4,953,048 papers found

BACKGROUND: The burden of opioid use disorder (OUD) has been increasing in North America. Administration of medication-assisted treatments (MATs) for OUD on an individual-dose basis has been shown to affect patient responses to treatment, proving to be, on occasion, dangerous. A genetic basis has been identified for so…

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern. Persistent post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common consequence of TBI affecting productivity and quality of life. The only review providing information about headache prevalence after TBI was published in 2008, combined data from civilian an…

BACKGROUND: Nursing care quality varies between hospitals, and even between departments within the same institution. Suboptimal care can have deleterious consequences for patients such as lengthened hospital stay, nosocomial infection, pressure ulcers or death. Experts recommend the implementation of nursing performanc…

INTRODUCTION: The Janus kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription protein (JAK/STAT) pathway is known to be involved in inflammatory and neoplastic skin diseases, like psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, alopecia areata, vitiligo and melanoma. Improved knowledge of the components of this pathway has allowed…

BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases are responsible for a vast burden of disease globally and are associated with other severe illnesses such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Tests for early diagnosis of periodontal diseases and effective treatments are available. The effectiveness of screening for periodontal dise…

INTRODUCTION: Falls are a major global public health problem and leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury and hospitalisation. Falls in hospital are associated with longer length of stay, readmissions and poor outcomes. Falls prevention is informed by knowledge of reversible falls risk factors and accurate r…

BACKGROUND: Violence against women and girls (VAWG) has been significantly increased by the rise of conflict and insecurity in the territories under controlling so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). This review aims to provide an understanding of the consequences of ISIS sexual violence against women. METH…

Systematic reviews are characterized by a methodical and replicable methodology and presentation. They involve a comprehensive search to locate all relevant published and unpublished work on a subject; a systematic integration of search results; and a critique of the extent, nature, and quality of evidence in relation…

BACKGROUND: Momordica charantia Linnaeus (Cucurbitaceae) has been used traditionally as a nutritious food and as a herbal medicine for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, human studies that investigated its glycemic control have generated inconsistent findings. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis is aime…

OBJECTIVE: This proposed scoping review aims to provide an overview of climate-related intervention studies that measure both climate action and psychological health as outcomes, regardless of whether the intervention primarily seeks to promote climate action, psychological health, or both. INTRODUCTION: The interplay…

INTRODUCTION: Non-inferiority (NI) trial designs, which assess whether an experimental intervention is no worse than the standard of care, have become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Current thinking suggests that the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis is considered anti-conservative in the presence of protocol…

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination has been an effective public health intervention for immunising individuals against many common communicable and non-communicable diseases. However, there is limited information on the efficacy of vaccination among patients undergoing dialysis or patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The…

INTRODUCTION: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) live with a progressive condition that can result in complex disability support needs. Consequently, they may require specialised care and assistive technology to maintain independence at home. It is essential to develop an understanding of the support needs and prefere…

OBJECTIVE: This protocol details the methods for a scoping review that will examine the evidence on the design, implementation, delivery, and evaluation of simulated clinical placements. INTRODUCTION: Clinical placements allow health professions students to apply theoretical knowledge in clinical settings. For various…

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the scoping review will be to understand and describe risk factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) in an orthopaedic surgery population in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa. This paper describes the protocol that will be used for the scoping review. METHOD: A comprehensive l…

BACKGROUND: The Sustainable Development Goals have put emphasis on equitable healthcare access for marginalised groups and communities. The number of women with disabilities (WWD) to marry and have children is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, these women experience multifaceted c…

BACKGROUND: There continues to be growing interest in the Science of Learning including identifying applications for findings from this work outside the laboratory to support learning. Presently, there exists a gap in our understanding of learning during healthy adulthood as well as effective ways in which that learnin…

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students' learning. INTRODUCTION: Current evidence indicates that both virtual simulation and clinical simulation are…

INTRODUCTION: Indigenous peoples across the globe face inequitable access to high-quality care. Emergency departments are the first point of access for many Indigenous peoples and are the interface between the individual and the healthcare system. There is a reliance on emergency services due to a lack of primary healt…

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of internet-based psychosocial interventions versus active comparators (such as in-person interventions, bibliotherapy, or telephone interventions) and passive comparators (such as usual psychiatric care) on psychological distress, expressed emoti…