42,208 papers found

INTRODUCTION: This article reviews the role and clinical importance of specific neuroadaptations that may occur following use of cocaine, metamfetamine, and 3,4,methylenedioxymetamfetamine (MDMA). METHODS: A literature search was performed using OVID MEDLINE and PubMed for all years to the present date, which identifi…

BACKGROUND: In Africa, the high mortality associated with oral cancer is driven by multiple factors. This ScR aims to map the existing evidence on the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer in Africa. METHODS: A search was run between October and November 2024 in four electronic databases: Web of Sci…

TOPIC: To systematically investigate the safety and efficacy of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or transepithelial PRK (transPRK) in patients with thin corneas. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Concerns exist regarding the outcomes of refractive surgeries including PRK/transPRK in patients with thin corneas. METHODS: This study…

BACKGROUND: Diet-related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, require strict dietary management to slow down disease progression and call for innovative management strategies. Conventional diet monitoring places a significant memory burden on patients, who may not accurately remember details of their meals and thus frequ…

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used for hemodialysis but are prone to burdensome and costly bloodstream infections. We determined whether multifaceted quality improvement interventions in hemodialysis units can prevent hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infections (HDCRBSI). S…

INTRODUCTION: Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) are rare vascular malformations of the central nervous system in children. Infantile patients, being a developmentally vulnerable age group, pose a special challenge for management of these lesions. We pooled data from infantile patients diagnosed at our institut…

PURPOSE: Improved therapies for pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors have increased survival rates; however, many survivors experience significant long-term functional limitations. Survivors of pediatric CNS tumors can experience deficits in social attainment. The aim of this review was to systematically amalg…

BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 3, 2004 and previously updated in 2007 and 2009.Motion sickness, the discomfort experienced when perceived motion disturbs the organs of balance, may include symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pallor, cold sweats, hypers…

BACKGROUND: The activation of coagulation mechanisms plays a central role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Administration of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), agents preventing the progression of thrombus formation, is a crucial therapeutic strategy. However, s…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic databa…

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by central sensitization and impaired pain modulation, involving dysfunctional descending inhibitory pathways and altered nociceptive processing. These processes contribute to persistent musculoskeletal pain, difficulties with sleep, feelings of depression, and…

INTRODUCTION: Central Post-Stroke Pain (CPSP) is a debilitating condition with a significant prevalence in stroke survivors. Set apart by its refractory to treatment neuropathic pain, it appears to arise from lesions in the spino-thalamo-cortical pathways, particularly in the thalamus. Despite advances in neuroimaging…

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of direct aortic cannulation (DAC) versus femoral arterial cannulation (FAC) on clinical outcomes of surgery for acute type A aortic dissection. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until August 25, 2023, to conduct a meta-…

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Arctium lappa L. is a common specie of Asteraceae. Its main active ingredient, Arctigenin (AG), in mature seeds exerts pharmacological effects on the Central Nervous System (CNS). AIM OF THE STUDY: To review studies on the specific effects of the AG mechanism on various CNS diseases and…

BACKGROUND: Movement disorders associated with hematologic malignancies remain incompletely defined. This review synthesized published articles to clarify clinical patterns, mechanisms, and outcomes across hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Sch…

INTRODUCTION: The gut-brain axis constitutes a bidirectional network linking the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system through neural, endocrine, metabolic, and immune pathways. Neurotransmitters play a central role in mediating this crosstalk, serving as intermediates through which the gut microbiota influ…

AIMS: Skin temperature, including absolute temperature (at bony prominence areas under long-term compression) and relative temperature (the difference between bony prominence and adjacent control area), may serve as early warning indicators for PI. However, the optimal indicator remains unclear. This meta-analysis ther…

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are vulnerable to cervical spinal fractures despite minute trauma. As there is a lack of consensus on which surgical approach is the most efficacious in treating cervical spinal fractures in AS patients, we sought to compare the posterior-only and combined (anterior-posterior)…

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, safety, and complication profile associated with the latest posterior chamber phakic Implantable Collamer Lenses (ICLs) featuring a central port (models V4c and V5; STAAR Surgical). METHODS: This PROSPERO-registered systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis inclu…

INTRODUCTION: Community-based palliative care implementation faces challenges in terms of providing services to people living with terminal illness in remote and underserved areas. Integrating telehealth into palliative care has the potential to improve access to and effectiveness of palliative care by enabling remote…