41,005 papers found

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood and adulthood is often treated with the psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH). However, it is unknown whether cognitive effects of MPH depend on age in individuals with ADHD, while animal studies have suggested age-related effects. In this meta-analysis, we f…

We carried out a systematic review in order to determine the connection between lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to bladder outlet obstruction and metabolic syndrome with its components. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and…

BACKGROUND: The goal of this article is to provide expert consensus recommendations for reporting standards, terminology and definitions when reporting on neurointerventional chemotherapy administration for head and neck tumors. These criteria may be used to design clinical trials, to provide definitions for patient st…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of neuroscience education (NE) for pain, disability, anxiety, and stress in chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. DATA SOURCES: Systematic searches were conducted on Biomed Central, BMJ.com, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, NLM Central Gateway, OVID, ProQuest (Digit…

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature investigating changes in emotional expression (EE) as a function of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of ADHD and to differentiate emotional effects related to ADHD pharmacotherapy from emotional effects related to ADHD as a disorder. METHOD: English language articles published fr…

BACKGROUND: Acute traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological tools have been investigated and considered as potential mechanisms for improving neurological outcome. Magnesium has been considered as one of these potential therapeuti…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the theory that ultrasound guidance during ET improves clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic review of prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing ultrasound with clinical touch methods of embryo catheter guidance. SETTING: Infertility centers. PATIENT(S): 5,968 ET cycles in women.…

Ultrastructural alterations in the central nervous system-such as synaptic dysfunction, axonal injury, and demyelination-contribute to the cognitive and sensorimotor deficits observed in neurological damage, in which TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation is a key pathological feature. This systematic review synthesizes evide…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: External ventricular drains (EVDs) are widely used in the management of intracranial hemorrhage and hydrocephalus; however, they carry a significant risk of device-related central nervous system infections, including ventriculitis and meningitis, which are associated with increased morbidity, mor…

PURPOSE: To construct humanistic nursing practice guidelines suitable for stroke patients. DESIGN: This study was a development and validation study of guidelines using multiple methods, including literature review, qualitative research, questionnaire survey, thematic discussion, and Delphi expert consultation. METHO…

INTRODUCTION: Quality of life (QoL) is a central outcome in palliative care (PC), particularly in hospital settings, where patients often present with advanced illness, complex symptoms, and multidimensional needs. Accurate QoL assessment is essential to support patient-centered and family-centered decision-making; how…

Hypoglycemia is a rare but potentially serious adverse effect of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Most studies have focused on SGA-induced hyperglycemia and metabolic syndrome, while hypoglycemia in non-diabetic adults remains underreported. We describe a case of severe hypoglycemia following risperidone initia…

BACKGROUND: Preadmission metformin may lower mortality in diabetic sepsis patients, but evidence is conflicting, necessitating a systematic review and meta-analysis for confirmation. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to September 1, 2025, for cohort s…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is complicated by angiographic cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), distinct entities with different reference standards and surveillance targets. We mapped the evidence on (1) diagnostic accuracy of vasospasm monitoring tools using digi…

OBJECTIVES/BACKGROUND: This review summarizes current insights into Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) diagnosis, management, and outcomes. RCVS is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by recurrent thunderclap headaches and transient segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, typically resol…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: While traditional sports nutrition emphasizes high carbohydrate intake for endurance athletes, trained athletes may achieve metabolic adaptation to low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets with maintained or improved performance outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesize evidence o…

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic lock therapy (ALT) delivers high-concentration antimicrobials into catheter lumens and has been proposed to prevent infections in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies comparing…

INTRODUCTION: Acute musculoskeletal injuries are a common reason for primary care consultations. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently used in this context. Recent meta-analyses (M-A) showed a better benefit--risk profile for topical NSAIDs and no superiority of oral NSAIDs over paracetamol alone…

Family caregivers of brain tumor patients often experience severe psychological problems, with a high prevalence of mental health issues posing a growing challenge in clinical practice. However, the psychological burden borne by these caregivers remains underrecognized. This study aimed to systematically assess the psy…

Intravenous atropine is widely recommended as the first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia, but because the optimal initial dose remains uncertain, the aim of this scoping review was to examine the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of intravenous atropine at specific doses in adult patients with sy…