1,566,523 papers found

Efficient communication is a challenge for the many operating components of a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Traditional management theory states that communications generally flow along a path established by a hierarchical organizational structure. A multicenter clinical trial does not fit traditional organiza…

This article describes a computer simulation methodology to calculate conditional power for comparing two arbitrary survival curves as an aid in deciding whether or not to extend a clinical trial. The method is a modification of that by Halpern and Brown, which computes unconditional power for comparing arbitrary survi…

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, immediate injection sclerotherapy was compared with treatment by a combined infusion of vasopressin (0.4 unit per min) and nitroglycerin (40 to 400 micrograms per min) in 50 consecutive patients with 64 episodes of endoscopy-proven variceal hemorrhage. Control of bleeding wa…

A total of 71 cases with primary brain tumors (44 cases) and metastatic brain tumors (30 cases) were entered into our clinical studies with MCNU and radiation therapy or MCNU alone. With regard to tumor reduction on CT scan, the response rates obtained for MCNU and radiation were 21.7% for malignant gliomas and 50.0% f…

A randomized controlled prospective clinical trial has been undertaken to examine the efficacy of the technique of early postoperative feeding using a fine bore catheter jejunostomy. Fifty patients undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal malignancy were randomly allocated into treatment and control groups. A low residu…

In a double-blind clinical trial of 48 patients, nalbuphine, morphine, and pethidine were compared by on-demand intravenous analgesia during the first 24 hours after cholecystectomy. Overall pain relief (visual analogue score) was recorded by the patients as 50 (SEM 4) for nalbuphine, 44 (SEM 4) for morphine and 53 (SE…

Two 6-month daily regimens of chemotherapy for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were compared in Tanzania. Both had the same initial 2-month intensive phase of streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide, and the continuation phase was either thiacetazone plus isoniazid or isoniazid alone. All patients w…

Speech discrimination testing was carried out under clinical trial conditions for eight profoundly postlingually deaf adults to assess the efficacy of a newly developed 22-channel cochlear prosthesis and speech processor. Three months postoperatively, these patients showed significantly better results with the cochlear…

The Idiopathic Neovascularization Study is a multicenter controlled clinical trial designed to determine whether argon laser photocoagulation is useful in preventing severe visual loss in eyes with a choroidal neovascular membrane (NVM) and no other clinically significant eye disease. Patients with an NVM 200 to 2,500…

A large controlled clinical trial with the admission of 1005 patients was carried out using tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for women with operable carcinoma of the breast. Results were analysed for the first 906 evaluable patients randomised up to December 1981. After mastectomy premenopausal women were randomised to…

The hypothesis was tested that the median values of survivors of life-threatening postoperative conditions, rather than the norms of unstressed healthy volunteers, are the appropriate therapeutic goals for critically ill postoperative patients. The authors studied prospectively a series of 100 consecutive critically il…