4,953,519 papers found

BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors are associated with the risk of future health outcomes in individuals with a particular health condition. The prognostic ability of such factors is increasingly being assessed in both primary research and systematic reviews. Systematic review methodology in this area is continuing to evol…

BACKGROUND: Non-surgical interventions for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis remain highly controversial. Despite the publication of numerous reviews no explicit methodological evaluation of papers labeled as, or having a layout of, a systematic review, addressing this subject matter, is available. OBJECTIVES: Ana…

PURPOSE: In clinical trials, the selection of appropriate outcomes is crucial for the assessment of whether one intervention is better than another. Selection of inappropriate outcomes can compromise the utility of a trial. However, the process of selecting the most suitable outcomes to include can be complex. Ideally,…

BACKGROUND: Medical and public health decisions are informed by reviews, which makes the quality of reviews an important scientific concern. OBJECTIVE: We systematically assessed the quality of published reviews on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and health, which is a controversial topic that is important to public…

The aim of this paper was to review the evidence for early-life (from conception to 5 years of age) determinants of obesity. The design is review of published systematic reviews. Data sources included Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO. Identification of 22 eligible reviews from a datab…

BACKGROUND: Acute low back pain is associated with pain and disability, but symptoms are often self-healing. The effectiveness of exercise therapy for acute low back pain remains uncertain with conflicting evidence from systematic reviews. The aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews was to assess the overal…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Machine learning promises versatile help in the creation of systematic reviews (SRs). Recently, further developments in the form of large language models (LLMs) and their application in SR conduct attracted attention. We aimed at providing an overview of LLM applications in SR conduct in heal…

BACKGROUND: There is considerable interest in the effectiveness of financial incentives in the delivery of health care. Incentives may be used in an attempt to increase the use of evidence-based treatments among healthcare professionals or to stimulate health professionals to change their clinical behaviour with respec…

OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies to reduce risky alcohol consumption among youth living in rural and remote areas. INTRODUCTION: Youth living in rural and remote areas are more likely to drink alcohol and experience alcohol-related harm than youth living in urban locations. This…

Immunotherapy is a treatment modality that has a broad and rapidly growing range of applications to treat both chronic and acute diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, cancer, and COVID-19. Emergency physicians must be aware of the breadth of applications and be able to consider the effects of immunot…

Sickle cell disease and homozygous β-thalassaemia are common haemoglobinopathies in Oman, with many implications for local healthcare services. The transfusions of such patients take place in many hospitals throughout the country. Indications for blood transfusions require local recommendations and guidelines to…

INTRODUCTION: Nursing practice is continuously evolving in response to global health care need, sociopolitical culture, and advancing medical knowledge necessitating ongoing evaluation of professional practice. The purpose of this state of this science paper was to explore current perceptions of nursing and critique th…

Adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid is a rare neoplasm of appendiceal origin that contains features of both carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma. We report on a case of a 45-year-old woman, post-renal transplant who presented with ovarian metastases from this tumor. This appears to be the first report of an adenocarc…

The presence of subependymal nodular heterotopia and cortical dysgenesis has been infrequently reported in patients with encephalocele. The majority of these patients were found to have posterior encephaloceles. We report a case of a Hispanic female with a frontoethmoidal encephalocele who developed epilepsy at 15 year…

Evidence-based medicine aims to identify, critically appraise and apply the best available evidence in making decisions about the care of patients. These aims are similar to those which conscientious clinicians have always tried to achieve. An evidence-based approach applies a systematic and rigorous methodology to thi…

Evidence-based (science-based) care is the prevailing paradigm in the health sciences. This paper briefly reviews the basic concepts of evidence-based care. Assessment of scientific evidence including information retrieval, evaluation of the quality of evidence, and finally the synthesis of collected evidence is descri…