391,881 papers found

From January 2014, Psychological Science introduced new submission guidelines that encouraged the use of effect sizes, estimation, and meta-analysis (the "new statistics"), required extra detail of methods, and offered badges for use of open science practices. We investigated the use of these practices in empirical art…

The proportion π of treatment group observations that exceed the control group mean has been proposed as an effect size measure for experiments that randomly assign independent units into 2 groups. We give the exact distribution of a simple estimator of π based on the standardized mean difference and use it…

The exponential increase in publications focusing on important clinical issues represents a major challenge for patients, physicians, and decision-makers, despite the braggadocio of many experts. Meta-analysis, when conducted within the context of a systematic review, offers an efficient and potent tool to summarize th…

The analysis of peptides and proteins in complex biological systems has greatly improved over the last decade. State-of-the-art mass spectrometric instruments combined with adequate software tools allow for more and more comprehensive proteome analyses. Most proteome-wide studies focus on the analysis of unmodified pro…

Wound closure in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty is an essential and crucial step of the procedure. A recently published meta-analysis comparing metallic staples and sutures with stitches in hip procedures revealed that the risk of infection was four times greater when staples were used. This statement crea…

Cognitive remediation purports to improve the cognitive dysfunction of schizophrenia, and has many forms. Eighty percent of people with schizophrenia suffer from cognitive dysfunction. The impact of cognitive dysfunction on everyday activity is widespread. Cognitive remediation as a non-pharmaceutical, psychosocial tre…

The role of drugs in new cancer occurrence and cancer-related death is a major concern. Recently, a meta-analysis raised the possibility that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) might have an adverse effect on patients. This generated a significant debate until the publication of two further meta-analyses, neither of…

Myocardial ischemia is a relatively frequent complication in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery and β-blockers may have a protective effect. β-blockers reduce the oxygen supply:demand ratio, and exert anti-inflammatory and anti-arrhythmic effects. However, randomized trials, specifically conducted to t…

OBJECTIVE: Traditional theory testing commonly applies cross-sectional (and occasionally longitudinal) survey research to test health behavior theory. Since such correlational research cannot demonstrate causality, a number of researchers have called for the increased use of experimental methods for theory testing. ME…

Cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, schizophrenia, diabetes, bipolar disorder, and autism are a few of the numerous complex diseases for which researchers are trying to decipher the genetic composition. One interest of geneticists is to determine the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that underlie the genetic port…

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are increasingly popular study designs in clinical research. A systematic review is a summary of the medical literature that uses explicit and reproducible methods for searching the literature and critical appraisal of individual studies; in contrast, a meta-analysis is a mathematic…

BACKGROUND: 'Net efficacy adjusted for risk' (NEAR) is a simple quantitative indicator integrating risk and benefit in one measure. NEAR considers that, in a clinical trial (CT), the drug with the best risk:benefit profile corresponds to that causing the greatest number of patients to respond favourably without sufferi…

There are both quantitative and methodological techniques that foster the development and maintenance of a cumulative knowledge base within the psychological sciences. Most noteworthy of these techniques is meta-analysis, which allows for the synthesis of summary statistics drawn from multiple studies when the original…

This study used foci from 17 original studies on functional abnormalities in the dyslexic brain to identify brain regions with consistent under- or overactivation. Studies were included when reading or reading-related tasks were performed on visually presented stimuli and when results reported coordinates for group dif…

Meta-analysis involving previous clinical studies showed that VK(2) decreased the incidence of fracture. In particular, the results based on the data on bone mineral density and fracture suggested that VK(2) improves bone quality. Preclinical studies regarding bone quality reported that VK(2) improved the trabecular mi…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In systematic reviews of interventions of studies where randomization was done by individual but data are paired (such as eyes, ears), it is necessary to account for the natural clustering present. The Cochrane Handbook suggests treating these as examples of cluster randomized trials. An inco…

We present a method for the analysis of meta-analytic functional imaging data. It is based on Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) and subsequent model-based clustering using Gaussian mixture models, expectation-maximization (EM) for model fitting, and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) for model selection. Our…

For random effects meta-analysis, seven different estimators of the heterogeneity variance are compared and assessed using a simulation study. The seven estimators are the variance component type estimator (VC), the method of moments estimator (MM), the maximum likelihood estimator (ML), the restricted maximum likeliho…

Osteoporosis is a common disease with a strong genetic component. In recent years, some progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of osteoporosis. Genetic factors contribute to osteoporosis by influencing not only bone mineral density but also bone size, bone quality, and bone turnover. Meta-analysis ha…