381,523 papers found

Meta-analysis of evaluation studies of rape education programs aimed at college students examined which program characteristics were related to participants' rape-supportive attitude change. Linear regression analyses revealed that: (a) published studies yielded greater attitude change than dissertations, presentations…

OBJECTIVES: To assess how the inclusion of N-of-1 trial data into randomized controlled trial (RCT) meta-analyses impacts the magnitude and precision of yielded treatment effects, using amphetamines and methylphenidate for pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a model. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We…

OBJECTIVE: --To assess the efficacy of intrathecal therapy with tetanus antibody (antitetanus equine serum or human tetanus immune globulin) in neonatal and adult tetanus using meta-analytical techniques. DATA SOURCES: --Clinical trials identified by searching MEDLINE and by reviewing bibliographies of published artic…

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Episodic migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unilateral headaches that significantly impair quality of life. CGRP monoclonal antibodies, targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), have shown efficacy in preventing and treating episodic migraine. METHODS: A sys…

A meta-analytic approach was used to summarize studies of cancer incidence among Native populations in the United States and Canada. Native males and females were found to have a significantly lower incidence of cancer for all sites combined. Among Native males, kidney cancer was found to exhibit significantly elevated…

Studies consistently show that total sleep deprivation (TSD) and measures of performance are negatively correlated. However, an accurate quantitative summary of the relationship between these variables has not yet been reported. After collection of the data from 27 relevant studies, meta-analytic techniques were used t…

Placebo controlled trials of methotrexate, auranofin, penicillamine, azathioprine, sulphasalazine, gold sodium thiomalate and chloroquines were subjected to meta-analysis. The difference between drugs and placebo in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.8 mm/hr [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.4-11.3]. In multiple l…

A method for a meta-analysis of several environmental or occupational epidemiological studies with small prevalences and/or incidences and long latency periods is presented. A combination of statistical evaluations of small prevalences should be done in the following way: (1) selecting relevant and comparable studies,…

Many authors have published their results of first metatarsal osteotomies to reduce the intermetatarsal angle. Each study has shown some degree of success. The meta-analysis or research synthesis that follows is a method of providing a quantitative review of these studies. It is a procedure for aggregating numerous stu…

Meta-analysis is increasingly performed to try and answer clinical questions around which controversy exists. We performed meta-analyses using three different methods as examples to illustrate problems and points to consider when doing such work. The questions of interest were comparing frequency of nephrotoxicity and…

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to estimate the effects of heparin flush and saline flush solutions on maintaining patency, preventing phlebitis, and increasing duration in peripheral heparin locks. The average effect size (d value) across 15 studies with a total sample size of 3,490 was .0573 for patency (clotti…

BACKGROUND: Degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) is a common cause of low back pain and lumbar spinal stenosis, necessitating various surgical interventions. Traditional management includes fusion surgery, but recently decompression with or without dynamic stabilization has been explored. However, the relative efficacy…

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is characterized by a cramping pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation. Acupuncture-related therapy is frequently used to treat patients with PD. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of acupuncture-related therapies based on Korean and Chine…

Elucidating the genetic components of plant genotype-by-environment interactions is of key importance in the context of increasing climatic instability, diversification of agricultural practices and pest pressure due to phytosanitary treatment limitations. The genotypic response to environmental stresses can be investi…

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of nonpharmacological therapies for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been progressively proved. However, the specific differences in effectiveness among various nonpharmacological interventions and their combinations with pharmacological interventions remain unclear, and…

Although radiotherapy is recognized as an established risk factor for second malignant neoplasms (SMNs), the dose response of SMNs following radiotherapy has not been well characterized. In our previous meta-analysis of the risks of SMNs occurring among children who have received radiotherapy, the small number of eligi…

Literature reviews have suggested that combination antidepressant/antipsychotic drug therapy and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are of comparable efficacy in treating psychotic depression, and distinctly superior to antidepressant alone or antipsychotic alone. We undertook a meta-analysis of 44 studies, and focussed o…