4,953,731 papers found

Evidence-based medicine aims to identify, critically appraise and apply the best available evidence in making decisions about the care of patients. These aims are similar to those which conscientious clinicians have always tried to achieve. An evidence-based approach applies a systematic and rigorous methodology to thi…

Evidence-based (science-based) care is the prevailing paradigm in the health sciences. This paper briefly reviews the basic concepts of evidence-based care. Assessment of scientific evidence including information retrieval, evaluation of the quality of evidence, and finally the synthesis of collected evidence is descri…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Australian primary care services must address increasingly complex and chronic disease. When integrated into general practice, non-dispensing pharmacists (NDPs) provide clinical services within a team-based model of care to improve patient outcomes and quality use of medications. This review…

AIMS: To evaluate the quality of systematic reviews on telemedicine applications in palliative care. METHODS: A structured literature review was conducted to identify systematic reviews dealing with telemedicine in palliative care; the AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) checklist was used to appraise t…

Although patient and public involvement in research is a requirement for research funding in many countries, the knowledge base for how to effectively involve people-and evidence of the effectiveness of involvement-is weak. This article describes how methods used in participatory health research were used to involve pa…

The aim of this bi-monthly column is to highlight Cochrane Systematic Reviews of relevance to pregnancy and childbirth and to stimulate discussion on the relevance and implications of the review for practice. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organisation that prepares and maintains high quality systematic…

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked with obesity and the prevalence of NAFLD is about 17% to 33% in the Western world. There is a strong association of NAFLD with insulin resistance and, hence, insulin sensitisers have been tried. This systematic review examined the clinical effectiv…

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a common and disabling cognitive consequence of stroke wherein individuals demonstrate decreased response to contralesional information. Here, we provide an updated narrative review of studies that shed light on the neural mechanisms and predictors of recovery of USN. Additionally, w…

OBJECTIVES: To systematically synthesize existing evidence on the implementation and effectiveness of eHealth interventions for the informal caregivers of people with dementia. METHODS: A systematic review of systematic reviews was conducted following the Cochrane methodological recommendations. Data were searched fro…

Shame experience and regulation are of crucial importance in the study of emotion and psychopathology. Considering the variety of conceptualizations and operationalization methods in the shame literature, the present review aimed to provide a meta-synthesis of current knowledge. First, we examined how shame and shame r…

Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a major challenge for CNS tumors due to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). There has been a multitude of techniques aimed at overcoming the BBB obstacle aimed at utilizing natural transport mechanisms or bypassing the BBB which we review here.…

This study provides a scoping review of the recent conceptual developments about the deviant work behavior and counterproductive work behavior constructs. It also examines the specific types of deviant work behavior that have been more consistently investigated in the last decade, and whether they cover the interperson…

BACKGROUND: JARID has a long and positive association with qualitative research dating back to its first issue. This paper looks at the development of qualitative methods and their application in the field of intellectual disability (ID). METHOD: When invited to make a contribution on qualitative research for the 25th…

OBJECTIVES: A key systematic review (SR) methodology is comprehensive searching. The Drug Effectiveness Review Project (DERP) SRs search US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) documents to identify unpublished evidence. This study evaluates the success of those efforts. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We examined DERP report…

Once rather a niche business, evidence-based medicine (EBM) as an approach to clinical decision-making requiring the integration of the best available research evidence with individual clinical expertise and patient values, has gained widespread acceptance and support within the healthcare community. This review articl…

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is an increasingly prevalent and costly chronic disease worldwide, and a large cause of unnecessary disease burden. To address the growing burden of diabetes, care models should support management of diabetes in primary care to reduce reliance on overstretched hospital-based specialists services. V…

To synthesize evidence from systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of laser therapy in the management of dentine hypersensitivity (DH). A comprehensive search was conducted across nine databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, DARE, PROSPERO, and ProQuest Dissertations & Thes…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Growing evidence has explored the effects of water-soluble vitamins supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in diabetic patients; however, the results of previous meta-analyses are inconsistent. To address this, we conducted an umbrella review to synthesize the evidence on…

PURPOSE: Fatigue is a common symptom after critical illness. However, evidence-based interventions for fatigue after critical illness are lacking. We aimed to identify interventions to support self-management of fatigue caused by physical conditions and assess their effectiveness and suitability for adaptation for thos…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinicians sought to ascertain what frequency of vital signs best detects blood transfusion reactions. This review discusses early and delayed blood product transfusion reaction detection through the lens of scientific literature. METHODS: A comprehensive appraisal of published literature wa…