381,602 papers found

With a common study protocol, case-referent studies within cohorts were performed in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland to study reproductive hazards of women doing dry-cleaning work. Due to national differences not all of the studies could follow exactly the same procedures in data collection, but they were all base…

Psychosocial and sexual disturbances are common sequelae to a diagnosis of breast cancer and its treatment. The hope that the development of breast-conserving techniques would protect women from the psychological distress experienced after mastectomy has not been realized. Studies comparing the psychosocial outcome of…

Every hospital doctor will be aware of the importance of correct documentation. We are concerned with quality assurance because this provides an aid towards optimising treatment results and also enables multi-centre comparisons to be made. The set of data used for three years during the pilot study provides the basis f…

1. Between 1980 and 1985, murder on the job was the leading cause of fatal injuries for women compared to being the third leading cause for men. The annual female homicide rate per 100,000 women ranged from 0.05 to 0.7. 2. Risk factors that were identified included age 65 and over, black, and work involving the exchang…

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether published cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses have adhered to basic analytic principles. DESIGN: Structured methodologic review of published articles. STUDY SAMPLE: Seventy-seven articles published either from 1978 to 1980 or from 1985 to 1987 in general medical, general surgi…

Our current knowledge of the effects of antihypertensive therapy is based on a large number of therapeutic trials based on mortal and morbid cardiovascular events. Although these events are indeed "hard" data, extrapolations from the results of trials based on events cannot be applied to possible effects on the underly…

We selected, reanalyzed, and compared data from current prevalence studies of vascular dementia in Europe. Inclusion criteria were: dementia defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, edition 3, or equivalent criteria; case finding through direct individual examination; appropriate sample si…

Taxol is a new anti-cancer drug that is a natural product derived from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree. The drug promotes polymerization and stabilization of tubulin to microtubules and interferes with the mitotic spindle. Clinical trials indicate that taxol is effective in the treatment of patients with refractory ov…

The data from published studies of circadian rhythms in epidermal cell proliferation in mice, rats, and humans were reanalyzed. They were calculated as the percent difference from the mean at six timepoints over 24 h. Composite circadian rhythm curves were plotted from the combined data for each species for S-phase and…

Placebo-controlled efficacy trials may become more difficult to carry out with the increasing availability of effective therapies, especially for serious illnesses where denial of effective therapy may be objectionable ethically. Active-controlled trials aimed at establishing efficacy by demonstration of "equivalence"…

The results of studies reported in the literature on the occurrence of ochratoxin A in central Europe have been evaluated. Only data that were obtained from random samples were included, thus excluding those derived from samples suspected of being contaminated. Of 1100 samples of cereals (other than maize) and cereal p…

The effect of concomitant breast-feeding on seroconversion following oral administration of rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV, serotype 3, strain MMU 18006) at 10(4) pfu was analyzed. Three studies were included, all randomized, double-blind trials involving a single dose of RRV to infants aged 2-5 months. None received co…

Cancer incidence rates among Native Americans have, for the most part, been observed to be significantly lower than the general population. There has been, however, some indication that this is changing. The identification of emerging and changing patterns of cancer incidence in Natives is important in the establishmen…

BACKGROUNDS: Syntheses of non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly used in decision-making. This study aimed to summarize when NRSIs are included in evidence syntheses of RCTs, with a particular focus on the methodological issues associated with combining…

AIMS: Residual cardiovascular risk remains substantial in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) despite high-intensity statin therapy. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i), including monoclonal antibodies and small-interfering RNA agents, offer additional risk reducti…

The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high after cancer surgery and is reduced by antithrombotic prophylaxis.We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for VTE prophylaxis after cancer surgery. The primary study outcome…

CONTEXT: Ramadan is a holy month of fasting, spiritual reflection, and worship for Muslims worldwide. However, the Ramadan fast - which involves abstaining from all food and drink, sunrise to sunset for 29 days-30 days annually - may also influence physical health outcomes, especially relating to the risk…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of evidence, potential biases, and validity of all available studies on dietary intervention and diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: We conducted an umbrella review of existing meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that focused on the effects of dietary intervention on…

INTRODUCTION: Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy is standard for artificial ulcer healing after gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection, but evidence on the efficacy of PPI combined with gastric mucosal protectants remains inconclusive. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of 10 mucosal protec…

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of early physical interventions on the prevention of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and the improvement of relevant clinical outcomes in patients with critical illness. METHODS: We systematically searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Regis…