41,031 papers found

BACKGROUND: Traditional pedicle screws are currently the gold standard to achieve stable 3-column fixation of the degenerative lumbar spine. However, there are cases in which pedicle screw fixation may not be ideal. Due to their starting point lateral to the pars interarticularis, pedicle screws require a relatively wi…

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically summarize the current literature in the field of active surveillance for small renal masses, with the primary focus being the role of imaging in the primary decision-making and subsequent follow-up. MATERIALS: A systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed and Web…

Mental Healthcare Act (MHCA) 2017 was gazetted on April 7, 2017. It repeals the Mental Health Act, 1987, and it can be implemented only after the state rules are formed. The central government has already published three sets of rules. This article was written with an objective to review how to make rules and regulatio…

AIM: To evaluate oral environmental changes in cannabis users. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The MEDLINE and Cochrane Central register of controlled trails (CENTRAL) were searched up to April 2007 to identify appropriate studies. RESULTS: Independent screening of 982 titles and abstracts (MEDLINE-Pubmed) and (Cochrane) paper…

BACKGROUND: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a major side effect of opioid use. Centrally acting antagonists result in opioid withdrawal or worsening of pain and lead to use of peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs). The required doses of the PAMORAs, methylnaltrexone and naloxegol, in the tre…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade (RASB) and its classes on the incidences of cognitive decline and dementia. METHODS: PubMed, the EMBASE database and Cochrane Library were searched through October 2015 for eligible studies. We included ten studies that analyzed the effects of RAS…

Anorexia nervosa (AN) has been associated with weaknesses in central coherence and set shifting. In this line, it has been proposed to directly address these neuropsychological features in treatment (e.g., cognitive remediation therapy). It is not clear, however, whether the 2 subtypes of AN, the restricting (AN-R) and…

BACKGROUND: Dexmethylphenidate is a single-isomer stimulant medication approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Single-isomer drugs have the potential for decreased undesired effects and improved therapeutic efficacy. Stimulant medications have been the mainstay treatments for ADHD…

Olfactory Reference Disorder is a little explored and widely unknown phenomenon, even research has shown more interest in it during the last years. This review summarizes the existing literature and illustrates its findings with a case history. The databases PubMed, PsychNet, PsychPub, Hogrefe EContent and the Cochrane…

BACKGROUND: Research is a central component of neurosurgical training and practice and is increasingly viewed as a quintessential indicator of academic productivity. In this study, we focus on identifying the current status and challenges of neurosurgical research in Iraq. METHODS: An online PubMed Medline database se…

is an endemic tree of Brazil, occurring mainly in the northeast region in the Cerrado environment. The species, popularly known as "pequi", produces fruits that are used in the manufacture of oil for food and medicinal purposes. This work reviewed studies conducted with the species, highlighting its ethnomedicinal use,…

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive search for evidence with regard to whether central sensitization after an injury can act as a persistent autonomous pain generator after the inducing injury has healed. METHODS: We searched Medline on PubMed and the Cochrane Library, screening 3,572 abstracts, from which 937 full-…

OBJECTIVE: As dopamine functioning varies by sex and age it might be expected that the effects of methylphenidate or amfetamine, the psychostimulants used for the treatment of Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), will also be moderated by these factors. Here we review the published literature on whether st…

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture effectively improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many neuroimaging studies have found significant brain alterations after acupuncture treatment of AD, but the underlying central modulation mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to provide neuroimaging evidence to…

Traumatic brain injury of any severity can result in post-concussion syndrome (PCS). Although the post-concussive symptoms are complex, there is an emerging scientific consensus regarding the initiation of the treatment for these symptoms to improve quality of life and prevent long-term effects. The objective of this s…

INTRODUCTION: Invasive mycosis of the central nervous system represent a diverse group of diseases that have gradually emerged as not only opportunistic infections in patients with immune susceptibility due to congenital and acquired deficiency, immunomodulation, solid organ and stem cell transplantation, hematological…

UNLABELLED: The central mound approach to breast reduction has been the subject of recent interest in the literature. However, quantitative evaluation using measurements is lacking. This review was undertaken to objectively evaluate changes in breast dimensions, and to compare the results to a popular alternative metho…

To assess management of non-syndromic dens evaginatus affecting permanent maxillary central incisor, we performed a systematic review and also present a case report. We searched PubMed via MEDLINE and the reference lists of included reports. Eligible studies were any type of clinical studies describing the management o…

BACKGROUND: Neurobiological research indicates that the adult central nervous system is more plastic than previously believed. This article reviews structural plasticity in the adult central nervous system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This review is based on literature retrieved from PubMed using the search terms "ltp AND l…

INTRODUCTION: Open science initiatives have enabled sharing of large amounts of already collected data. However, significant gaps remain regarding how to find appropriate data, including underutilized data that exist in the long tail of science. We demonstrate the NeuroBridge prototype and its ability to search PubMed…