381,602 papers found

Optimally, syringe-filling technique may reduce the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis (PIE), yet there is wide variation between ophthalmologists and jurisdictions regarding syringe-filling practices. This frequentist network meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42024555196) of rare events sought to compare the odds of PIE…

PURPOSE: This systematic review aims to evaluate and synthesize the existing literature on the interventions used for submacular haemorrhage (SMH), highlighting the controversies and differences in clinical practice. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was…

BACKGROUND: Changes in vascular function are closely associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a potential indicator of vascular dysfunction; it allows noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness. Currently, evidence for the effects of different classes of antidiabet…

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The intrauterine device (IUD) is globally recognised as a safe, cost-effective, and reliable contraceptive. This umbrella review and meta-analysis synthesises current evidence regarding the association between IUD usage and incidence of gynaecological and breast malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS…

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the inclusion of a placebo arm and/or the number of active comparators in antidepressant trials influences the response rates of the active medication and/or placebo. DATA SOURCES: Searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and pharmaceutical Web sites for published trials or trials conducted but unpubl…

BACKGROUND: While women aged 50 and older are broadly considered to benefit from screening mammograms, the evidence of any similar advantages for younger women are still considered insufficient to form any substantial conclusions on the matter. The primary goal of this study was to examine whether or not the mortality…

The objective of this review was to determine the effectiveness, adverse effects and acceptability of folate in the treatment of depression. Electronic databases (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register) and reference lists were sear…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of beta-blockers and endoscopic sclerotherapy in the prevention of first bleeding and reduction of mortality in patients with cirrhosis and esophagogastric varices. DATA SOURCES: Pertinent studies were selected using MEDLINE (1980 to 1990), reference lists from published articles…

PURPOSE: To determine whether corticosteroids affect short-term mortality from alcoholic hepatitis. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Studies published from 1966 to 1989 were identified through a MEDLINE computer search and an extensive manual search of the bibliographies of identified articles. STUDY SELECTION: We found 11 rando…

The development of signature biomarkers has gained considerable attention in the past decade. Although the most well-known examples of biomarker panels stem from gene expression studies, proteomic panels are becoming more relevant, with the advent of targeted mass spectrometry-based methodologies. At the same time, the…

BACKGROUND: ERCP is frequently complicated by pancreatitis. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy of somatostatin and gabexate for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high-risk patients and to determine predisposing factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis. A meta-analysis was conducted of all published stud…

To determine if the signal-averaged (SA) electrocardiogram (ECG) predicts the occurrence of sustained ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death after acute myocardial infarction, 182 consecutive patients underwent systematic noninvasive testing, including the SAECG. Seventy-one patients (39%) had an abnormal SAECG. The p…

BACKGROUND: The rate of preterm birth of singletons conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is increased, being as high as 15% to 16% across Europe and the United States. However, the underlying etiology, phenotype, and mechanisms initiating preterm birth (PTB) are poor…

An investigation of treatment results in tonsillar region carcinomas was conducted, with particular attention to local control and morbidity from current therapy. The purpose of the investigation was to identify problems that might be resolvable with a superior treatment modality. A search was made of the National Libr…

OBJECTIVES: To develop a systematic method for both summative and formative audit of practice audits, and to use the method to review Oxfordshire practice audits and to plan improvement. DESIGN: Development of a coding system for the audit cycle subsequently used prospectively to assess audits reported to medical audi…

During their life span, leukocytes adhere transiently to one another, to other cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, and to extracellular matrix proteins. This adhesiveness is mediated by families of specific cell surface adhesion molecules, namely, integrins, immunoglobulin superfamily molecules, and selecti…

The optimal treatment for keloids remains undefined. A randomized, prospective study was performed comparing two treatment regimens that were believed promising. One regimen consisted of surgery plus two preoperative and three postoperative intralesional injections of triamcinolone, whereas the other regimen consisted…

The activity of adenosine deaminase in the pleural fluid of 218 consecutive patients was studied. According to the etiology of exudative pleural effusions, the patients were divided into the following five groups: (1) tuberculosis; (2) lung cancer; (3) pneumonias; (4) miscellaneous; and (5) idiopathic. Patients with pl…

A variety of opinions have been expressed in the literature concerning asbestos and laryngeal cancer. This paper presents an analysis of epidemiological studies based on criteria that prioritized the most heavily exposed cohorts. Emphasis was given to the six cohorts or subcohorts with lung cancer relative risk estimat…

This paper examines a process for evaluating clinical effectiveness and developing recommendations in which systematic methods are used to review evidence from published clinical research and to reach sound conclusions about appropriate medical policy. The methodology addresses four important components of the analytic…