391,922 papers found

The power of the association between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer was analysed in all the papers published up to date. Fifty-three publications (from 48 studies) wer collected and graded as to quality using meta-analytical methods. Power achieved a figure of greater than or equal to 0.8 in a 24% of the assoc…

A review of 30 AIDS behavioral research studies revealed that almost half employed retrospective sexual activity assessment periods of 12 months or longer. The present study examined the correspondence between retrospective reports of sexual activity for 3 overlapping time-frames (past 2 weeks, past 3 months, and past…

BACKGROUND: The rate of preterm birth of singletons conceived through in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is increased, being as high as 15% to 16% across Europe and the United States. However, the underlying etiology, phenotype, and mechanisms initiating preterm birth (PTB) are poor…

INTRODUCTION: Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is a major cause of preventable death in both civilian and military trauma settings. It involves vascular disruptions within the thoracic cavity, major axial torso vessels, severe solid organ injuries, or pelvic ring fractures leading to hemodynamic instability resi…

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to summarize and appraise the credibility of existing epidemiological evidence on the association between periodontal diseases (PDs) and the risk of site-specific cancers. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to June 2026. Meta-analyses of observational…

BACKGROUND: Overlapping meta-analyses on the same topic are now very common, and discordant results often occur. To explore why discordant results arise, we examined a common topic for overlapping meta-analyses- vitamin D supplements and fracture. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We identified 24 meta-analyses of vitamin D (with…

Spousal pairs permit assessment of determinants of diseases related to environment, because they share the same lifestyle and environment. The authors reviewed spouses' concordance for the major coronary risk factors. A search of the MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases was performed. Seventy-one papers were selected…

The results of four similarly designed, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted to evaluate ranitidine as prophylaxis for NSAID-associated damage are reviewed. A total of 673 patients receiving therapeutic dosages of NSAIDs for arthritic or musculoskeletal conditions also received either ranitidi…

The ability of computed tomography (CT) to detect mediastinal lymph node metastases from nonsmall cell bronchogenic lung cancer is highly controversial, as evidenced by reported accuracies ranging from 0.35 to 0.95 over the past eight years. We examined all studies on this matter published between January 1980 and Apri…

The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high after cancer surgery and is reduced by antithrombotic prophylaxis.We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for VTE prophylaxis after cancer surgery. The primary study outcome…

CONTEXT: Ramadan is a holy month of fasting, spiritual reflection, and worship for Muslims worldwide. However, the Ramadan fast - which involves abstaining from all food and drink, sunrise to sunset for 29 days-30 days annually - may also influence physical health outcomes, especially relating to the risk…

A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether the intraoperative use of surgical adhesives in patients undergoing lung resection would reduce the incidence and length of postoperative air leaks. The reported search strategy identified 261 pa…

The aim of the analysis was, in general, to find a way to summarise results of studies in search of exposure-response relationships and, in particular, to ask whether an exposure-response relationship can be ascertained for neurobehavioural studies on occupational mercury exposure. Eighteen studies dealing with human m…

The ability of adjuvant radiotherapy to prevent distant metastasis and to prolong survival in patients with early breast cancer is much debated. The paper presents a joint analysis of long-term results (13-16 years' follow-up) from the Oslo and Stockholm randomised trials of post-operative megavoltage radiotherapy vers…

The potential association of alcohol intake with breast cancer risk is currently being debated in the literature and a clear consensus of opinion has not emerged. Clarification of the issues surrounding this controversy would be helpful in developing recommendations for the general public regarding alcohol use. A revie…

This paper reviews the current status of conservative treatment for early breast cancer. While the first patients were treated with such techniques more than 60 years ago, it is during the last decade that randomized trials have confirmed that such treatment is comparable to mastectomy in preventing breast cancer death…

Re-analysis of the results of several prospective observational studies indicates that modest long-term differences in usual diastolic blood pressure are associated with larger differences in the primary incidence of stroke and of coronary heart disease than was previously believed. A prolonged difference of 5-6 mmHg i…

The effect of concomitant breast-feeding on seroconversion following oral administration of rhesus rotavirus vaccine (RRV, serotype 3, strain MMU 18006) at 10(4) pfu was analyzed. Three studies were included, all randomized, double-blind trials involving a single dose of RRV to infants aged 2-5 months. None received co…

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether excluding patients from the analysis of randomised trials are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects and higher heterogeneity between trials. DESIGN: Meta-epidemiological study based on a collection of meta-analyses of randomised trials. DATA SOURCES: 14 meta-analyses incl…

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that an elevated heart rate (HR) is an adverse and independent prognostic factor in arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Although diltiazem is characterized as an HR-lowering calcium antagonist, no studies have quantified the magnitude of HR changes in pat…