381,602 papers found

Although not totally analogous to a fetus or newborn, the donor-derived immune system attempts to recapitulate immune ontogeny over a 1- to 2-year period. Early after BMT, primitive functions such as cytotoxicity are present in an immunologic environment dominated by suppressive signals. The suppressive signals are so…

Decision theory was used to calculate the optimum treatment of microscopic squamous cervical cancer using probabilities obtained from an exhaustive literature review and a range of plausible value estimates. This showed that if there is no vascular involvement, survival is maximised by conservative treatment if tumour…

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature describing the epidemiology, pharmacology, efficacy, and adverse effects associated with androgenic-anabolic steroid (AAS) use among athletes. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles were identified from a MEDLINE search using the search terms "Doping in Sports," "Anabolic Steroids (expl…

A quantitative analysis was used to examine the efficacy of lithium augmentation in the acute treatment of depressed patients resistant to a standard trial of an antidepressant. Effect sizes were measured by the odds ratio using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Only controlled trials were included in order to minimise bias…

This research was done to evaluate the "epidemiologic necropsy" procedure as a "screening" technique for disease that has been clinically unsuspected or inactive during life. The post-mortem occurrence rates of gallstones in necropsies at Yale-New Haven Hospital were compared and found reasonably similar to the analogo…

The fructosamine assay is about to be used for the control of diabetic patients and for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. An analysis of the original literature is presented to answer the question whether the evaluation of the test is methodologically reliable. Altogether 65 studies are evaluated. Thirty of these stu…

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The accuracy of dental implant placement influences prosthetic outcomes, biological complications, and long-term success. While guided surgery aims to improve precision, its advantages over conventional freehand techniques regarding survival, marginal bone stability, and complications remain uncle…

BACKGROUND: Conventional treatments for cardiometabolic diseases face limitations related to cost, efficacy, and side effects. Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) is a common food product and a potential alternative. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent results and lacked assessments of result certainty, intervention…

BACKGROUND: Numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews have explored the differences between percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP) for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs), however, their final conclusions have been inconsistent. The inconsistent conclu…

BACKGROUND: The type of stent used for the management of patients with malignant dysphagia is chosen according to subjective physician's preference. There is no recent study available to provide updated evidence on early outcomes related to the use of different types of stents. METHODS: A literature search was perform…

OBJECTIVE: To provide estimates of patient outcomes following tricompartmental knee replacement and to examine variation in outcomes due to patient and prosthesis characteristics. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles identified through a computerized literature search and bibliography review. STUDY SELECTION: Stud…

One of the most dramatic changes in the life of the elderly in the United States in the twentieth century is the rise in the proportion of elderly widows living alone. This paper examines this transformation by comparing the determinants of elderly widows' living alone at four points in time, in 1910, 1940, 1960, and 1…

Antiarrhythmic drug therapy is used with the hope of suppressing arrhythmias and therefore decreasing their associated symptoms or prolonging life. Unfortunately, many antiarrhythmic drugs have the opposite effect of exacerbating or provoking arrhythmias, a phenomenon that is termed proarrhythmia when such an event is…

A review of the clinical literature on ependymoma, published between 1969 and 1989, was carried out to assess the influence of tumor grade and site, tumor control at the primary site, and extent of irradiation on the incidence of spinal seeding after initial treatment. The pooled data show that the incidence of seeding…

PURPOSE: To provide a clinical approach to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. DATA IDENTIFICATION: An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1982 to 1990) and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles. STUDY SELECTION: In addition to several reviews, studies that evaluated the diagnostic tec…

It is taken for granted that severe hypertension in pregnancy should be treated, although the principle has not been formally tested by properly controlled trials. There is less certainty about treating mild to moderate hypertension (140/90 to 169/109 mm Hg). The risk of chronic hypertension in pregnancy depends on tha…

Intraoperative pathologic examination with frozen section (FS) was performed on 504 specimens of thyroid tissue obtained from 457 patients over a period of 9 years. After examination of permanent sections (PS) a malignant neoplasm was diagnosed in 57 specimens (11.3%); 50 (87%) of these were primary thyroid carcinoma,…

This paper critically reviews the prospective randomized trials conducted over the past three decades in Hodgkin's disease of adults. On the basis of current findings, it is difficult to conclude which randomized trials were influential in defining widely accepted treatment strategies or treatment sequencies, as many s…

OBJECTIVES: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses on short-term outcomes between total hip arthroplasty (THA) through direct anterior approach (DAA) compared to THA through conventional (including anterior, anterolateral, lateral transgluteal, lateral transtrochanteric, posterior, and posterolateral) approaches…

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common concern among patients undergoing endoscopic procedures, affecting up to 70% of individuals. Increased anxiety can heighten pain perception, reduce procedural tolerance, and negatively impact patient satisfaction. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, virtual reality,…