391,940 papers found

OBJECTIVE: To provide estimates of patient outcomes following tricompartmental knee replacement and to examine variation in outcomes due to patient and prosthesis characteristics. DATA SOURCES: English-language articles identified through a computerized literature search and bibliography review. STUDY SELECTION: Stud…

Although practising evidence-based medicine is the goal of most physicians, it can be a real challenge to sift through the vast body of data to determine the best strategies. Most clinical guidelines regard replicated randomized controlled trials (RCTs), metaanalyses, and systematic reviews as the highest level of evid…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of spinal manipulation for patients with back or neck pain. DESIGN: Computer aided search for published papers and blinded assessment of the methods of the studies. SUBJECTS: 35 randomised clinical trials comparing spinal manipulation with other treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sc…

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of an index of the scientific quality of research overviews, the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). Thirty-six published review articles were assessed by 9 judges using the OQAQ. Authors reports of what they had done were compared to OQAQ ratings. Th…

Thirty-eight patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder participated in a 10-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the potent, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine. Fluvoxamine was significantly better than placebo on two of three measures of improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms…

Transplanted tumors in rats and mice have been used extensively in radiobiology studies examining the biological basis and therapeutic implications of hypoxia in solid tumors, and in studies evaluating new agents and regimens which may circumvent the radioprotective effects of hypoxic cells. This use of rodent tumors a…

Data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area survey were used to examine the relationship between violence and psychiatric disorders among adults living in the community. Psychiatric assessment of survey respondents was based on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, which also provided self-report information about violent…

Man can only survive and do work in the severe oxygen deprivation of great altitudes by an enormous increase in ventilation which has the advantage of defending the alveolar PO2 against the reduced inspired PO2. Nevertheless the arterial PO2 on the summit of Mt Everest at rest is less than 30 Torr, and it decreases wit…

BACKGROUND: This study examined the synthesis methods used in meta-analyses pooling data from observational studies (OSs) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from various medical disciplines. METHODS: We searched Medline via PubMed to identify reports of systematic reviews of interventions, including and pooling d…

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a common concern among patients undergoing endoscopic procedures, affecting up to 70% of individuals. Increased anxiety can heighten pain perception, reduce procedural tolerance, and negatively impact patient satisfaction. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, virtual reality,…

Results of trials of lomefloxacin (400 mg once daily) in elderly patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections, complicated urinary tract infections, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and as prophylaxis for transurethral surgical procedures (400 mg single dose) have been analyzed. In patients…

Chromosome aberrations produced by ionizing radiation are assumed to develop from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) which interact pairwise, in an exchange event. Dicentrics and centric rings are aberrations that exemplify inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges, respectively. We show from a survey of published data that f…

Clinical trials of adjuvant therapies usually measure the effectiveness of treatments by comparing disease-free survival or overall survival. These take into consideration only indirectly the quality of life experienced by the patients. We present some approaches that were developed to assess the impact of adjuvant the…

Parkinson's disease (PD) surveys and death-record studies in European populations were reviewed. Particular attention was given to methodological aspects. Two sets of quality criteria were used. Four door-to-door surveys revealed underdiagnosis of prevalent idiopathic parkinsonism ranging from 30% to 71%. Quality surve…

The epidemiologic literature on the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and human cancer at a variety of sites is reviewed systematically. A total of 13 ecologic studies, nine cohort studies, and 115 case-control studies are included. Cancer of all sites, cancers of lung, breast, colon, rectum, esophag…

The aim of this review is to demonstrate why the management of compliance, although not an explicit feature of the rules of Good Clinical Practice, is essential to the successful conduct of clinical trials and in correct interpretation of the results. Methods to measure compliance in randomized clinical trials are also…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the consistency of an index of the scientific quality of research overviews. DESIGN: Agreement was measured among nine judges, each of whom assessed the scientific quality of 36 published review articles. ITEM SELECTION: An iterative process was used to select ten criteria relative to five key tas…

PURPOSE: To review the recent progress in the understanding of clinical and laboratory characterization as well as management of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). DATA IDENTIFICATION: A literature search was conducted using Index Medicus, MEDLINE (1962 to 1989), and bibliographies of identified rel…

We reviewed the research literature on the epidemiologic relationship between blood pressure levels and calcium, with an emphasis on dietary intake. A conceptual framework for causal inference is summarized; then the designs and results of observational and intervention studies are presented. Of 25 reports of observati…

During evolution, the potential for sequence (and length) variation of large-subunit rRNA has been mostly restricted over 12 divergent domains (termed D1-D12) interspersed along the molecule. Here, we have focused our attention onto the D3 divergent domain, through a detailed analysis of its pattern of variation in the…