381,602 papers found

The epidemiologic literature on the relationship between vegetable and fruit consumption and human cancer at a variety of sites is reviewed systematically. A total of 13 ecologic studies, nine cohort studies, and 115 case-control studies are included. Cancer of all sites, cancers of lung, breast, colon, rectum, esophag…

The aim of this review is to demonstrate why the management of compliance, although not an explicit feature of the rules of Good Clinical Practice, is essential to the successful conduct of clinical trials and in correct interpretation of the results. Methods to measure compliance in randomized clinical trials are also…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the consistency of an index of the scientific quality of research overviews. DESIGN: Agreement was measured among nine judges, each of whom assessed the scientific quality of 36 published review articles. ITEM SELECTION: An iterative process was used to select ten criteria relative to five key tas…

PURPOSE: To review the recent progress in the understanding of clinical and laboratory characterization as well as management of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID). DATA IDENTIFICATION: A literature search was conducted using Index Medicus, MEDLINE (1962 to 1989), and bibliographies of identified rel…

We reviewed the research literature on the epidemiologic relationship between blood pressure levels and calcium, with an emphasis on dietary intake. A conceptual framework for causal inference is summarized; then the designs and results of observational and intervention studies are presented. Of 25 reports of observati…

During evolution, the potential for sequence (and length) variation of large-subunit rRNA has been mostly restricted over 12 divergent domains (termed D1-D12) interspersed along the molecule. Here, we have focused our attention onto the D3 divergent domain, through a detailed analysis of its pattern of variation in the…

Leuprorelin acetate, a highly potent luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist, was originally launched in the USA to be administered once daily by self-injection for the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer. A once-monthly intramuscularly or subcutaneously injectable depot form of leuprorelin acetate has, subs…

This study examined the relation between the risk of cardiac rupture and the timing of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. To test the hypothesis that cardiac rupture is prevented by early thrombolytic therapy but is promoted by late treatment, randomized controlled trials of thrombolytic agents for m…

PURPOSE: Despite extensive research on gastric cancer (GC), efforts to consolidate the numerous associations between possible factors and GC risk remain lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of potential GC-associated pairs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and C…

We examined the evidence from functional imaging studies for predominance of a phonological left temporo-parietal (TP) dysfunction in dyslexic children and predominance of a visual-orthographic left occipito-temporal (OT) dysfunction in dyslexic adults. Separate meta-analyses of 9 studies with children (age means: 9-11…

The authors selected, from a general sample of 3525 cardiopathic patients treated with 2 g daily of L-carnitine during 1 year, 220 stable effort angina TNT-responder patients, presenting more than 15 anginal episodes per month; moreover, other 59 anginal patients in congestive heart failure have been taken into account…

OBJECTIVE: This overview compares and contrasts the pharmacotherapy of itraconazole with that of other antifungal agents. DATA SOURCES: Primary literature on itraconazole was identified through a medical literature search from 1976 through 1991. This search included journal articles, abstracts, conference proceedings,…

Colorectal cancer screening in ulcerative colitis patients is a commonly accepted practice whose parameters are based on convention and not necessarily on the epidemiology of disease. This review summarizes previously published data from a single university-based surveillance program to estimate important screening par…

Histamine assays in gastroduodenal tissues and body fluids are not an absolute objective of scientific interest but are related to the role of histamine in health and disease. Hence, the reliability of histamine assays has to be assessed in relation to this aim. Sensitivity and specificity of the chemical histamine ass…

The effect of verapamil on death and reinfarction after an acute myocardial infarction was studied in two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trials, the Danish Verapamil Infarction Trials I and II (DAVIT I and II). The studies demonstrated that verapamil 360 mg/day from the 2nd week after an acute…

Hormonal therapy of breast cancer is widely used and effective. Although never curative in advanced disease, significant palliation and durable remissions can be obtained with a wide variety of hormonal manipulations. Historically, surgical ablation was used to reduce endogenous hormone levels, but this invasive proced…

Little epidemiological data are available to enable the development of a dose-response relationship for the effects of isocyanates, powerful sensitizing agents in humans. Remarkably, most classes of effects have been reproduced in some animal models and parallels between animals and man are impressive. In this paper an…

Clinical decision making is under increased scrutiny due to concerns about the cost and quality of medical care. Variability in physician decision making is common, in part because of deficiencies in the knowledge base, but also due to the difference in physicians' approaches to clinical problem solving. Evaluation of…

Since their introduction in 1976, and until recently, the H2-receptor antagonists have been the 'state-of-the-art' gastric acid inhibitors, but the advent of omeprazole, the acid pump inhibitor, has necessitated a reassessment of therapy for acid-related diseases. In making this reassessment, the following therapeutic…

BACKGROUND: While various delivery formats of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are available, comprehensive evidence on their comparative effectiveness and acceptability is lacking. AIM: To examine the comparative effectiveness and acceptability of different CBT delivery form…