381,620 papers found

PURPOSE: To compare vitamin D status between countries in young adults and in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reports on vitamin D status (as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) from 1971 to 1990 were reviewed. Studies were grouped according to geographic regions: North America (including Canada and the United…

The available information on the induction of thyroid cancer in humans by ionizing radiation is summarized and weaknesses or gaps in assessing risk are identified. Issues to be addressed include: average estimates of thyroid cancer risk from external irradiation, the effects of age on thyroid cancer induction, shape of…

The aim of this article is to assess the therapeutic value of standard heparin in the acute phase and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. Only clinical trials with an adequate methodology have been analysed. In patients having undergone thrombolytic therapy associated with aspirin, heparin slightly reduces t…

Three prospective population studies on non-diabetic subjects--the Helsinki Policemen Study, the Busselton Study, and the Paris Prospective Study--have shown that high plasma insulin levels, fasting or after oral glucose load, are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The excess of CHD even…

To test the hypothesis that there are important differences between studies on memory published in anesthesia literature and those published in the psychopharmacology literature, we compared the two from the period January 1978 through May 1988 to identify deficiencies in the design and methodologies used and to provid…

BACKGROUND: While various delivery formats of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are available, comprehensive evidence on their comparative effectiveness and acceptability is lacking. AIM: To examine the comparative effectiveness and acceptability of different CBT delivery form…

BACKGROUND: Major bleeding after cardiac surgery is still a relatively common complication, requiring red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and use of procoagulants. The existing guidelines recommend a bleeding management based on viscoelastic tests and bleeding management algorithms (BMA). However, there are different BMA…

This article provides an overview of a study that synthesizes multiple, independently collected alcohol intervention studies for college students into a single, multisite longitudinal data set. This research embraced innovative analytic strategies (i.e., integrative data analysis or meta-analysis using individual parti…

PURPOSE: Imeglimin (Imeg), a novel oral antidiabetic drug that acts as a mitochondrial modulator and targets multiple metabolic pathways, offers a novel therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although both Imeg and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function across all populations and ages. METHODS: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and exec…

Despite a multitude of investigations assessing the impact of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices, there is still a great deal of heated debate regarding the benefits of this intervention in obesity management. Therefore, in order to clarify the effect of green coffee extract on waist circumference…

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of intravenous streptokinase on early mortality in patients with suspected acute anterior and acute inferior myocardial infarctions. DATA IDENTIFICATION: A literature search of English-language studies on the use of intravenous streptokinase in the treatment of suspected acute myocardi…

The genomic control (GC) approach is extensively used to effectively control false positive signals due to population stratification in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, GC affects the statistical power of GWAS. The loss of power depends on the magnitude of the inflation factor (λ) that is used for…

The role of conservative surgery (CS) as definitive treatment of invasive breast cancer has not been established. Previous studies have demonstrated high rates of local tumour recurrence if CS is not followed by radiotherapy (RT). At present, it is impossible to identify subsets of patients who may be at acceptably low…

OBJECTIVES: To consider the role of platinum and the relative merits of single agent and combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. DESIGN: Formal quantitative overview using updated individual patient data from all available randomised trials (published and unpublished). SUBJECTS: 8139 pat…

We analyzed studies concerned with four important aspects of vesicoureteral reflux in infancy and childhood: the imaging procedures for the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux, the treatment of reflux, and the correlation between reflux and later development of hypertension and end-stage kidney disease. The objectives…

Small cell carcinomas of the major salivary glands are rare tumors, accounting for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms at these sites. To date, approximately 41 such tumors have been described. They recently have been classified into two groups, based on the ultrastructural presence or absence of intracytoplasmic neuro…

This review analysis consists of the antitumor activity and toxic deaths reported in single agent Phase I clinical trials using cytotoxic compounds published from 1972 to 1987. A total of 6639 patients with a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies were accrued in 211 trials studying 87 compounds. The me…

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) de-escalation strategies improve outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to standard DAPT. However, the potential impact of sex on the safety and efficacy of these strategies is yet to be fully investigated. METHODS: Randomized controlled t…

AIMS: This network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluates the comparative safety and efficacy of intra-coronary (IC) pharmacological and procedural treatments-on top of balloon angioplasty and stent placement-on clinical outcomes and surrogate endpoints of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMV…