391,940 papers found

OBJECTIVE: This overview compares and contrasts the pharmacotherapy of itraconazole with that of other antifungal agents. DATA SOURCES: Primary literature on itraconazole was identified through a medical literature search from 1976 through 1991. This search included journal articles, abstracts, conference proceedings,…

Histamine assays in gastroduodenal tissues and body fluids are not an absolute objective of scientific interest but are related to the role of histamine in health and disease. Hence, the reliability of histamine assays has to be assessed in relation to this aim. Sensitivity and specificity of the chemical histamine ass…

Hormonal therapy of breast cancer is widely used and effective. Although never curative in advanced disease, significant palliation and durable remissions can be obtained with a wide variety of hormonal manipulations. Historically, surgical ablation was used to reduce endogenous hormone levels, but this invasive proced…

Little epidemiological data are available to enable the development of a dose-response relationship for the effects of isocyanates, powerful sensitizing agents in humans. Remarkably, most classes of effects have been reproduced in some animal models and parallels between animals and man are impressive. In this paper an…

Clinical decision making is under increased scrutiny due to concerns about the cost and quality of medical care. Variability in physician decision making is common, in part because of deficiencies in the knowledge base, but also due to the difference in physicians' approaches to clinical problem solving. Evaluation of…

Since their introduction in 1976, and until recently, the H2-receptor antagonists have been the 'state-of-the-art' gastric acid inhibitors, but the advent of omeprazole, the acid pump inhibitor, has necessitated a reassessment of therapy for acid-related diseases. In making this reassessment, the following therapeutic…

OBJECTIVE: Assess how standardization of relative risks (RRs) and standard errors (SEs), according to blood pressure differences within trials, affects heterogeneity, overall effect estimates and study weights in meta-analyses of antihypertensive treatment. METHOD: Data from a previous systematic review were used. Thr…

The role of conservative surgery (CS) as definitive treatment of invasive breast cancer has not been established. Previous studies have demonstrated high rates of local tumour recurrence if CS is not followed by radiotherapy (RT). At present, it is impossible to identify subsets of patients who may be at acceptably low…

Over a period of 14 years, 7,960 patients were treated in 228 phase I trials. In these patients, there were 75 complete and 432 partial responses for an overall objective response rate of 6%. Complete responses lasted a median of six months (range 1-18), while partial responses lasted a median of three months (range 1-…

We analyzed studies concerned with four important aspects of vesicoureteral reflux in infancy and childhood: the imaging procedures for the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux, the treatment of reflux, and the correlation between reflux and later development of hypertension and end-stage kidney disease. The objectives…

This review analysis consists of the antitumor activity and toxic deaths reported in single agent Phase I clinical trials using cytotoxic compounds published from 1972 to 1987. A total of 6639 patients with a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies were accrued in 211 trials studying 87 compounds. The me…

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease on a global scale, particularly among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Hypertension is not only associated with cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, but also leads to vascular endothelial dysfunction and decrease…

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) de-escalation strategies improve outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to standard DAPT. However, the potential impact of sex on the safety and efficacy of these strategies is yet to be fully investigated. METHODS: Randomized controlled t…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function across all populations and ages. METHODS: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and exec…

Despite a multitude of investigations assessing the impact of green coffee extract supplementation on obesity indices, there is still a great deal of heated debate regarding the benefits of this intervention in obesity management. Therefore, in order to clarify the effect of green coffee extract on waist circumference…

After the approval of a drug, which represents a first assessment, independent institutions and medical professional associations provide further evaluations. Here, the question is to be asked whether common or diverging evaluation methods exist that can have an impact on the result. In principle, two methods are used:…

The advent of the atypical antipsychotics marked a new era in the history of the treatment of psychotic disorders. To evaluate the published literature about the available atypical antipsychotics--clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine--and select the most appropriate treatment for specific patients, physic…

In recent years, the therapeutic approach to mild hypertension has evolved from a stepped care approach to one including varied, initial monotherapies, with the selection of drug based on factors present in an individual patient, followed by combination therapy. The greatest cumulative experience of the value of antihy…

PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of thyroid function tests to monitor therapy in patients taking levothyroxine. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Studies published between 1966 and January 1990 were identified through computer searches and references of identified studies. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that included a careful description…

It is generally accepted that increased blood pressure, especially high systolic blood pressure, is a major risk indicator in people over 60 years of age. Retrospective analyses of published trials show that when the elevation in arterial pressure has been firmly established by repeated blood pressure measurements, ant…