376,100 papers found

Radiolabeled antibodies for cancer therapy are being investigated in clinical trials in more than 30 centers. 131Iodine-labeled antibody (Ab) therapy of solid tumors has produced few responses when given alone. When given in conjunction with chemotherapy and external beam therapy in hepatoma patients, objective respons…

Since 1952, 20 datasets have been generated through 17 studies in an attempt to describe the sources and importance and/or use of information about pharmaceuticals by physicians. The authors review the findings of the studies and subject them to three sequentially relevant, but different, meta-analytic procedures. The…

Left-handedness occurs in about 8% of the human population. It runs in families and an adoption study suggests a genetic rather than an environmental origin; however, monozygotic twins show substantial discordance. The only genetic models that successfully explain the family and twin data are those of McManus and Annet…

Sonography and CT were used pre-operatively for lymph node staging in patients with head and neck malignancies. The accuracy of the imaging methods surpassed that of palpation (palpation 85%, CT 85%, sonography 90%). Sensitivity was significantly increased from 74% (palpation) to 84% (CT) and 90% (sonography), ie. ther…

An overview of eight randomized controlled trials of tissue-type plasminogen activator (Alteplase or Duteplase) and 10 of anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex (Anistreplase) showed that the odds of early death were reduced by 29% by tissue-type plasminogen activator and 46% by anisoylated plasminogen…

A methodology is being developed to estimate the exposure of Americans to 131I originating from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests carried out at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) during the 1950s and early 1960s. Since very few direct environmental measurements of 131I were made at that time, the assessment must rely on estim…

Meta-analytic procedures were used to assess the degree to which aggression-related cues present in the environment facilitate aggressive responding among negatively aroused subjects. The first study, which examined the so-called weapons effect, the effect of name-mediated cues, and other cue effects, showed clear evid…

Understanding subjective well-being (SWB) has historically been a core human endeavor and presently spans fields from management to mental health. Previous meta-analyses have indicated that personality traits are one of the best predictors. Still, these past results indicate only a moderate relationship, weaker than su…

The value of the inclusion of doxorubicin hydrochloride (dox) in Cooper type regimens in advanced breast cancer was assessed by performing an overview employing summary statistics derived from published papers of randomised clinical trials comparing Cooper type regimens that contain dox with regimens in which dox was r…

Manipulative therapy has been one of the most intensively studied approaches to back pain management. This paper reviews 20 years of randomized clinical trials of manipulative therapy, and addresses the following issues: for what condition were these patients treated? What was the population studied, and were workers i…

As radiotherapy following surgery for early breast cancer carries morbidity, financial cost, and potential mortality we have sought to select characteristics that will allow these risks to be minimised. The causes of increased mortality shown in the overview of mature trials of radiotherapy have been studied in a singl…

PURPOSE: World Health Statistic Annuals between 1973 and 1982 show that mortality from cardiovascular and coronary heart disease fell significantly during this period. Against this background, the present review analyses results from trials of antihypertensive therapy in elderly hypertensives. STUDY SELECTION: The rev…

Because preliminary data suggested a relation between risk of spontaneous abortion and tapwater consumption during pregnancy, the California Department of Health Services included questions on prenatal water consumption in all reproductive studies conducted between 1982 and 1988. Results from four of these five retrosp…

To assess the attitudes of nurses toward computerization, Stronge and Brodt's questionnaire, Assessment of Nurses' Attitudes Toward Computerization was used to survey head nurses, staff registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses in a 500-bed hospital. Nurses' attitudes were generally favorable toward computers an…

Until recently, a gap existed between the rapidly advancing knowledge about the pharmacology of aspirin and the management of patients who are threatened by stroke. In doses as low as 20 to 40 mg per day, aspirin can completely suppress the production of the aggregant agent thromboxane A2. The clinical evidence, howeve…

Hypertension intervention trials, which have involved mainly the use of diuretics and beta-blockers, have demonstrated a disappointing benefit in terms of reduction of coronary heart disease (CHD). Rather than suggesting that elevated blood pressure and CHD are not causally related, these data suggest that the antihype…

This article has attempted to question whether the more recently introduced methods of treating the patient with variceal hemorrhage have resulted in higher salvage rates and a better quality of life. Data concerning other types of central shunts, selective shunting, nonshunt operations, hepatic transplantation, sclero…

The usefulness of various bone mineral measurement techniques is a subject of current controversy. In order to explore whether disparate conclusions may have arisen from differences in analytic methodology, data from published reports of bone mass and nonviolent fractures have been reanalyzed in terms of fracture risk.…

INTRODUCTION: We conducted an etiology-stratified network meta-analysis of first-line systemic therapies for advanced HCC to compare newer regimens beyond sorafenib-based RCT evidence (HBV, HCV, or non-viral). METHODS: Following PRISMA-NMA, we searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to 01 June 20…

Globally, an estimated 1.4 billion people had hypertension in 2014, yet only just over 20% had controlled blood pressure, and about 580 million remained undiagnosed. Evidence indicates that salt substitutes facilitate meaningful blood-pressure reductions, yet their implementation remains restricted by social and health…