376,100 papers found

OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to assess the credibility of the evidence using Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) in oral health systematic reviews on the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and elsewhere. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic Reviews or meta-analys…

OBJECTIVE: To appraise multiple systematic reviews on the same clinical topic, focusing on predictors and correlates of quality of reporting of meta-analysis (QUOROM) scores. DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: Reviews providing at least individual quantitative estimates on role of acetylcysteine in the prevention of contra…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Divergent results on the same scientific question generate controversy. We hypothesized that controversial data are attractive to investigators and editors, and thus the most extreme, opposite results would appear very early rather than late, as data accumulate, provided data can be generated…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on human muscle strength. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search for the period from January 1966 to April 1990, supplemented by manual searches of previous reviews, produced 30 studies in which subjects received more than one dose of the study steroid and in wh…

Fifty nine scientific papers had been published in english or french literature, by 1988, on the matter of respiratory health effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS). Fifteen dealt with lung cancer. An original meta-analytical approach was used in order to assess the consistency of these results, where th…

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remain at high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Chinese Patent Medicines (CPMs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential as adjunctive therapies, however, direct comparative evide…

OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may exert neuroprotective effects. However, the comparative efficacy of individual agents remains unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the different…

CONTEXT: Continuous energy restriction (CER) and intermittent fasting (IF) are both prevalent diet regimens recommended for weight loss and metabolic improvement. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CER and IF on weight loss and metabolic improvement in adults with overweight, obesit…

As evidence-based practitioners become more reliant on systematic reviews to inform treatment, it becomes important to systematize reporting details as well as improve the quality of the primary studies that will later be incorporated into this secondary literature. In this article, the authors consider several specifi…

The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of caries on different tooth surfaces, at varying levels of dental caries, in adolescent populations. Using data obtained from published reports, the relationship between reported mean surface-type caries scores were plotted against the total mean DFS and showed a g…

OBJECTIVE: Reports of pharmacy research using crossover designs were reviewed to determine if the studies adequately consider interaction effects and use appropriate statistical analyses. DATA SOURCES: All crossover studies published in DICP, The Annals of Pharmacotherapy during 1988 and 1989 were analyzed. STUDY SEL…

In order to elucidate factors affecting the rate of angioplasty restenosis, we reviewed 212 published reports on restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. We used five specific methodologic standards to select the 31 reports most likely to produce unbiased results. Sixty one factors judged to be…

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine if the patency of the peripheral intermittent intravenous device (PIID) would be maintained as effectively with a sodium chloride solution as with a dilute heparin solution and to determine if a sodium chloride solution could be used with fewer local complic…

The present review examines the relationship between disaster occurrence and psychopathology outcome for 52 studies that used quantitative measures of such a relationship. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used to examine relationships among four sets of variables: (a) the characteristics of the victim popula…

Although it is commonly assumed that chain ownership will result in lower costs due to economies of scale, the empirical evidence with respect to the effect of chain ownership on nursing home costs is mixed. Chain for-profit nursing homes will have a cost advantage over independent for-profit homes only if there are fi…

A number of studies have reported correlations between subjects' asymmetry scores on left and right hemisphere specialized tasks. In this paper we report the results of meta-analyses performed on these correlations. Results showed positive correlations between subjects' asymmetry scores on left and right hemisphere spe…

The "activities of daily living," or ADLs, are the basic tasks of everyday life, such as eating, bathing, dressing, toileting, and transferring. Reported estimates of the size of the elderly population with ADL disabilities differ substantially across national surveys. Differences in which ADL items are being measured…

INTRODUCTION: Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is a major cause of preventable death in both civilian and military trauma settings. It involves vascular disruptions within the thoracic cavity, major axial torso vessels, severe solid organ injuries, or pelvic ring fractures leading to hemodynamic instability resi…

Currently, an increasing number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) are opting for combined functional substances in edible plant products, like herbal prescription or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), to enhance the efficacy of blood glucose and lipid profile control. Among various TCM-included trea…

INTRO: Mind-body therapies (MBTs) are promising forms of treatment for depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer, however, their effectiveness has not been compared. The objective of this study is to rank the effectiveness of MBTs for depression and anxiety symptoms in people with cancer. METHODS: EMBase,…