42,219 papers found

BACKGROUND: Delivering contraceptive hormones through a transdermal patch or a vaginal ring might have advantages over the traditional oral route. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness, compliance, and side effect profile of oral and parenteral drug administration methods. METHODS: We performed a systematic litera…

Introduced in the 1970s to meet the academic needs of a growing number of students with relatively stagnant faculty, team-based learning (TBL) has revolutionized the modern classroom structure. Contrary to the traditional didactic model where the teacher assumes the central role and students are passive listeners, TBL…

BACKGROUND: Melatonin generated in the gastrointestinal tract has mucosal protective effect with inhibiting gastric acid secretion, while increasing gastrin release, which in turn stimulates the contractility of lower esophageal sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is also known to have association with sl…

Melatonin is a physiological indoleamine involved in circadian rhythm regulation and it is currently used for secondary sleep disorders supported by empirical evidence. A small amount of evidence and some controversial results have been obtained in some randomized controlled trials (RCT). The objective of this meta-ana…

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that there is no difference in implant failure rate or marginal bone loss between type 1 or 2 diabetes subjects and non-diabetic subjects. An electronic search was conducted, without restrictions on date or language, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Registe…

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain (NP) caused by the injury or dysfunction of the nervous system is a chronic pain state accompanied by hyperalgesia, and the available clinical treatment is relatively scarce. Hyperalgesia mediated by pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines plays an important role in the occurrence and maint…

Amphetamine (AMP), an indirectly acting psychostimulant approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults, is among the most long-standing therapeutic agents in all of clinical psychopharmacology. This review focuses on AMP absorption, metabolism, and eli…

BACKGROUND: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are widely used for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR), but their effectiveness remains unclear. This research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this drugs for cCSCR. METHODS: This is a review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) comparing…

BACKGROUND: Cannabis is the most prevalent illegal drug used and the second most common cause of ED drug-related complaints in the USA. Recently, newer more potent strains, concentrated THC products, and consumption methods have become available. OBJECTIVE: Our first objective was to define cannabis use in the USA and…

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, commonly found in the Americas, and Histoplasma duboisii, located in Africa. In the United States, H. capsulatum is prevalent in the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys. In rare circumstances, central nervous system (CNS) histoplasmosi…

INTRODUCTION: Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim to regenerate structural and functional integrity of necrosed or infected dental pulp, while promoting root development and closure. Conventional treatment methods often fail to regenerate dental pulp tissues effectively. This systematic review investigates th…

OBJECTIVE: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new viral entity, coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), to be a worldwide pandemic. The characteristics of this virus, as well as its short- and long-term implications, are not yet well understood. The objective of the current paper was to pro…

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in clinically node-negative patients remains controversial, and predictive factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are not well defined. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to quantify the clin…

Repeated exposures to acute psychological stress may be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of acute psychological stress on central pulse wave velocity (PWV) compared…

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of neuromotor diseases that develops as a result of damage to the developing central nervous system during the perinatal period. The condition is usually accompanied by musculoskeletal problems resulting in movement disorders. Gait improvement therefore, is an important part o…

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: For thousands of years, different cultural groups have used and transformed natural resources for medicinal purposes focused on psychological or neurological conditions. Some of these are recognized as central nervous system (CNS) disorders and diseases, whereas other ethnopsychiatric in…

BACKGROUND: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscles (DRAM) is characterised by thinning and widening of the linea alba, combined with laxity of the ventral abdominal musculature. This causes the midline to "bulge" when intra-abdominal pressure is increased. Plastic surgery treatment for DRAM has been thoroughly evalu…

After severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) proteins, neurotrophic factors and inflammatory markers are released into the biofluids. This review and meta-analysis searched the literature for prognostic candidate cerebrospinal fluid markers and their relation to sTBI patient outcome. A systematic search of the literature…

BACKGROUND: Subclavian vein cannulation is an important technique of central venous cannulation with a supraclavicular and an infraclavicular approach. There are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which highlight the various differences between these two approaches when accessed via ultrasound. We undertook a meta-ana…

OBJECTIVE: To provide a summary and analysis of the evidence for various agents applied as maintenance therapy and highlight ongoing trials or trials in development that evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy strategies in older patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). BACKGROUND: PCNSL are…