376,100 papers found

BACKGROUND: Given that immune checkpoint inhibitor-based regimens frequently yield delayed separation and late plateaus, conventional hazard ratio analyses that assume proportional hazards may misstate true benefit. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test the validity of the proportional hazards assumption in first-line metastati…

BACKGROUND: Phase III clinical trials are designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of drugs and their superiority over other treatment methods, but biologics for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) have not been compared head-to-head in phase III studies. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of biolog…

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with obesity-related cancer (ORC) owing to shared risk factors like physical inactivity, insulin resistance, gut microbiome dysfunction, and inflammation. We conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analysis to synthesize the evidence on the…

Can recent failures to replicate psychological research be explained by typical magnitudes of statistical power, bias or heterogeneity? A large survey of 12,065 estimated effect sizes from 200 meta-analyses and nearly 8,000 papers is used to assess these key dimensions of replicability. First, our survey finds that psy…

AIM: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) presents a therapeutic challenge, characterised by a paucity of validated treatments. Emerging data suggest that targeting adiposity is central to HFpEF pathogenesis. We conducted an updated network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of emerging and establi…

BACKGROUND: Given the lack of head-to-head studies of approved biologic therapies in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease, a systematic literature review (SLR) and network meta-analysis (NMA) were conducted to provide insight into their comparative short-term efficacy. OBJECTIV…

BACKGROUNDS: Syntheses of non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly used in decision-making. This study aimed to summarize when NRSIs are included in evidence syntheses of RCTs, with a particular focus on the methodological issues associated with combining…

INTRODUCTION: The optimal treatment for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains inconclusive. This study intends to compare the efficacy and safety of available drug therapies for treating TBM from the perspective of mortality, neurological events, and adverse events. METHODS: PubMed (21/6/2025), Cochrane (21/6/2025), Em…

There is a concern of an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with the use of thiazolidinediones, a class of oral glucose-lowering drugs commonly used in patients with type 2 diabetes with a mechanism of improving insulin resistance. Human studies on related issues are reviewed, followed by a discussion on poten…

OBJECTIVE: To compare estimates of intervention effects between single centre and multicentre randomised controlled trials with continuous outcomes. DESIGN: Meta-epidemiological study. DATA SOURCES: 26 meta-analyses totalling 292 randomised controlled trials (177 single centre, 115 multicentre) with continuous outcom…

BACKGROUND: There is considerable debate as to the relative merits of using randomised controlled trial (RCT) data as opposed to observational data in systematic reviews of adverse effects. This meta-analysis of meta-analyses aimed to assess the level of agreement or disagreement in the estimates of harm derived from m…

Epidemiological data suggest that smoking filter and lower tar cigarettes is associated with less lung cancer risk than is smoking plain and higher tar cigarettes. A recent National Cancer Institute monograph claimed these apparent benefits of lower delivery products may be illusory if relative risks are adjusted for d…

We previously reported antigen frequency differences for HLA-DR4 and HLA-DRw6 between idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) patients and healthy controls in a pilot study. To confirm these findings, we undertook an independent study with a prospective hypothesis regarding the frequencies of DR4 and DRw6; typing for a…

In order to generate information about the relative effectiveness of the most widely used pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for the prophylaxis of recurrent migraine (i.e., propranolol HCl and combined relaxation/thermal biofeedback training), meta-analysis was used to integrate results from 25 clin…

Aging is closely associated with sarcopenia, which has a significant impact on muscle mass and its function. Protein supplementation (PS) brings benefits such as lean mass and strength gains during exercise training. This paper determined the optimal regimen among the composites of variate protein sources and training…

BACKGROUND: The objective of this network meta-analysis was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of different antimicrobial regimens used in the treatment of pneumonia caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) or multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (AB). Given the increasing prevalence of resi…

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease has emerged as a global public health concern. Fibroblast growth factor 21, a liver hormone, is gaining interest because of its ability to regulate metabolism and improve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. In this network meta-analysis, we…

AIMS: Residual cardiovascular risk remains substantial in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) despite high-intensity statin therapy. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i), including monoclonal antibodies and small-interfering RNA agents, offer additional risk reducti…

The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is high after cancer surgery and is reduced by antithrombotic prophylaxis.We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for VTE prophylaxis after cancer surgery. The primary study outcome…

CONTEXT: Ramadan is a holy month of fasting, spiritual reflection, and worship for Muslims worldwide. However, the Ramadan fast - which involves abstaining from all food and drink, sunrise to sunset for 29 days-30 days annually - may also influence physical health outcomes, especially relating to the risk…