381,620 papers found

Bepridil is a unique calcium antagonist with a broad pharmacologic profile and demonstrated efficacy as an antianginal agent. Data from US clinical trials of bepridil in 840 patients (820 with chronic stable angina; 20 with vasospastic angina) indicated that the drug is well tolerated. The most frequent adverse reactio…

The antianginal efficacy of bepridil, a calcium antagonist with an extended plasma elimination half-life, has been compared with placebo and the calcium antagonists nifedipine and diltiazem in patients refractory to diltiazem. The earliest observations in the United States of antianginal effects of bepridil were reveal…

Twenty-three patients with marginally resectable and unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (stages IIIA and IIIB) were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy with two alkylating agents, cyclophosphamide 2.5 g/m2 intravenously (i.v.) and ifosfamide 3.5 g/m2…

Since our original proposal 4 years ago, considerable support has evolved for the concept of pharmacologically guided dose escalation in phase I clinical trials with new anticancer drugs. The original focus has been broadened to develop additional links between preclinical testing and phase I clinical trials. Recent ex…

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of lowering cholesterol concentrations on total and cause specific mortality in randomised primary prevention trials. DESIGN: Qualitative (meta-analytic) evaluation of total mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer, and causes not related to illness in six primary prevention tr…

The 1980 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Febrile Seizures identified five circumstances in which it might be appropriate to consider anticonvulsant prophylaxis after a first febrile seizure: (1) a focal or prolonged seizure, (2) neurologic abnormalities, (3) afebrile seizures in a firs…

Four epidemiological studies have been performed that are generally consistent with the hypothesis that increased available body iron stores increase the risk of cancer or of general mortality. In a study based on the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States (NHANES), 232 men who deve…

BACKGROUND: Considering the global burden of diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease, an urgent need exists for the best treatment, which should be based on the best available evidence. We examined the association between glucose-lowering medications and a broad range of cardiovascular outcomes, and assessed the…

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung disease (CLD) frequently occurs in preterm infants and has a multifactorial aetiology including inflammation. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabiliser that inhibits neutrophil activation and neutrophil chemotaxis and may, therefore, have a role in the prevention of CLD. OBJECTIVES: To determi…

IMPORTANCE: Systematic reviews of medical imaging diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies are affected by between-study heterogeneity due to a range of factors. Failure to appropriately assess the extent and causes of heterogeneity compromises the interpretability of systematic review findings. OBJECTIVE: To assess how…

IMPORTANCE: Every third to sixth patient with medical diseases receives antidepressants, but regulatory trials typically exclude comorbid medical diseases. Meta-analyses of antidepressants have shown small to medium effect sizes, but generalizability to clinical settings is unclear, where medical comorbidity is highly…

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been shown to improve progression-free survival, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRR). We conducted systematic reviews and meta-…

In 1990, bladder cancer, excluding carcinoma in situ, was estimated to contribute 49,000 cases of cancer. In men 75 years old or older, it became the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Of patients with bladder cancer, 75%-80% initially present with superficial bladder tumors. Treatment of these tumors has three obje…

Case-control studies of Alzheimer's disease were re-analysed to examine the association of Alzheimer's disease with family history in first degree relatives of dementia, Down's syndrome and Parkinson's disease. Overall, the relative risk of Alzheimer's disease for those with at least one first degree relative with deme…

The effect of verapamil on death, reinfarctions, and major events, i.e. death or reinfarction after a myocardial infarction has been investigated in 2 Danish double-blind placebo-controlled verapamil infarction trials (DAVIT I and II). DAVIT I was an early intervention trial that demonstrated a statistically nonsignifi…

To evaluate the various nonshunting treatment modalities currently being used, it is difficult to make comparative assessments by reviewing the literature. There is varied composition in the groups studied; numerous major modifications, but more often subtle but poorly described differences in surgical techniques; and…

Uncertainty persists regarding the estimated effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure, including the strength of the evidence supporting these estimates and the magnitude of the observed effects relative to the minimal important difference. We aimed to provide an overview of the effects of vitamin C suppl…

BACKGROUND: Behavioural weight management interventions are the primary treatment for obesity in the United Kingdom. These interventions focus on diet, physical activity and behaviour change, and are typically delivered over a period of 12 weeks. Although National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance makes…

OBJECTIVE: Non-invasive brain stimulation, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), shows promise for psychiatric disorders in adults, but evidence in children and adolescents remains limited. The objective of this review was to evaluate the effic…

Epidemiologically related traits may share genetic risk factors, and pleiotropic analysis could identify individual loci associated with these traits. Because of their shared epidemiological associations, we conducted pleiotropic analysis of genome-wide association studies of lung cancer (12 160 lung cancer case patien…