391,940 papers found

BACKGROUND: Chronic lung disease (CLD) frequently occurs in preterm infants and has a multifactorial aetiology including inflammation. Cromolyn sodium is a mast cell stabiliser that inhibits neutrophil activation and neutrophil chemotaxis and may, therefore, have a role in the prevention of CLD. OBJECTIVES: To determi…

PURPOSE: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation tool to amplify neural excitability and enhance outcomes associated with speech-language therapy (SLT). Stimulation currents to the left and right hemispheres vary in applying anodal (excitatory), cathodal (inhibitory), or bihemispheric signal…

OBJECTIVE: We determined if coffee consumption is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. DATA IDENTIFICATION: Articles published between 1966 and August 1991 examining a possible link between coffee and coronary heart disease were identified by a computer-aided literature search (Medli…

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical benefits of treating hypertension in elderly patients and to derive practical guidelines regarding indications, goals, and forms of treatment. DESIGN: Review of six published randomised trials. RESULTS: Active treatment of hypertension in elderly patients was associated with signific…

Twenty-three patients with marginally resectable and unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer (stages IIIA and IIIB) were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy with two alkylating agents, cyclophosphamide 2.5 g/m2 intravenously (i.v.) and ifosfamide 3.5 g/m2…

Since our original proposal 4 years ago, considerable support has evolved for the concept of pharmacologically guided dose escalation in phase I clinical trials with new anticancer drugs. The original focus has been broadened to develop additional links between preclinical testing and phase I clinical trials. Recent ex…

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of lowering cholesterol concentrations on total and cause specific mortality in randomised primary prevention trials. DESIGN: Qualitative (meta-analytic) evaluation of total mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer, and causes not related to illness in six primary prevention tr…

The 1980 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Febrile Seizures identified five circumstances in which it might be appropriate to consider anticonvulsant prophylaxis after a first febrile seizure: (1) a focal or prolonged seizure, (2) neurologic abnormalities, (3) afebrile seizures in a firs…

Four epidemiological studies have been performed that are generally consistent with the hypothesis that increased available body iron stores increase the risk of cancer or of general mortality. In a study based on the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States (NHANES), 232 men who deve…

IMPORTANCE: Every third to sixth patient with medical diseases receives antidepressants, but regulatory trials typically exclude comorbid medical diseases. Meta-analyses of antidepressants have shown small to medium effect sizes, but generalizability to clinical settings is unclear, where medical comorbidity is highly…

IMPORTANCE: Systematic reviews of medical imaging diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies are affected by between-study heterogeneity due to a range of factors. Failure to appropriately assess the extent and causes of heterogeneity compromises the interpretability of systematic review findings. OBJECTIVE: To assess how…

Psychiatric disorders frequently co-occur with endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders, complicating diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. To date, no umbrella review (UR) has summarized the corresponding evidence. We conducted a UR of meta-analyses of observational studies reporting the prevalence and outcomes…

BACKGROUND: Perioperative oxygen is routinely used, but evidence of its clinical impact remains inconsistent, leading to variable practice. The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of perioperative oxygen therapy strategies. METHODS: We searched multiple databases for systemati…

BACKGROUND: Behavioural weight management interventions are the primary treatment for obesity in the United Kingdom. These interventions focus on diet, physical activity and behaviour change, and are typically delivered over a period of 12 weeks. Although National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance makes…

OBJECTIVES: Evidence linking tooth loss to various systemic health consequences is summarized and evaluated in this umbrella review. Evidence gaps are identified, and recommendations for the development of public oral health measures are provided. METHODS: This prospective registered umbrella review was conducted in a…

Uncertainty persists regarding the estimated effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure, including the strength of the evidence supporting these estimates and the magnitude of the observed effects relative to the minimal important difference. We aimed to provide an overview of the effects of vitamin C suppl…

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been shown to improve progression-free survival, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRR). We conducted systematic reviews and meta-…

PURPOSE: Millions of patients worldwide who undergo surgical procedures face significant morbidity and mortality risks. Several systematic reviews have been performed on ancillary treatments aimed at improving surgical outcomes, but their features and scholarly impact are unclear. We describe characteristics of meta-an…

In 1990, bladder cancer, excluding carcinoma in situ, was estimated to contribute 49,000 cases of cancer. In men 75 years old or older, it became the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths. Of patients with bladder cancer, 75%-80% initially present with superficial bladder tumors. Treatment of these tumors has three obje…

The effect of verapamil on death, reinfarctions, and major events, i.e. death or reinfarction after a myocardial infarction has been investigated in 2 Danish double-blind placebo-controlled verapamil infarction trials (DAVIT I and II). DAVIT I was an early intervention trial that demonstrated a statistically nonsignifi…