381,646 papers found

AIMS: Several diuretic strategies, including furosemide i.v. boluses (FB) or continuous infusion (FC), are used in acute heart failure (AHF). METHODS AND RESULTS: We systematically searched phase 3 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating diuretic regimens in admitted AHF patients within 48 h and irrespecti…

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial and pharmacological interventions can effectively treat eating disorders (EDs), but improvements are often short-term and modest. Neuromodulation, altering nerve activity through targeted neurological stimulation, is an emerging intervention in neuropsychiatric disorders. This meta-review synth…

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to provide empirical evidence about the reporting of methodology to address missing outcome data and the acknowledgement of their impact in Cochrane systematic reviews in the mental health field. METHODS: Systematic reviews published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Revie…

International quality improvement initiatives such as Fast-Hug bring a focus on improving the delivery of early enteral nutrition to critically ill patients, however surveys demonstrate current practice remains variable. One way to reduce variability in practice is to provide strong evidence to convince clinicians to c…

The findings in clinical trials of antiarrhythmic drug efficacy and safety are frequently difficult to compare, since study design often has an important effect on trial outcome. To explore this problem further, we compared three designs--randomized control, nonrandomized control, and uncontrolled--collectively enrolli…

The primary aim of this review has been to clarify the tumor shrinking effects of dopamine agonists on pituitary macroadenomas of different cell types. Shrinkage is most dramatic for macroprolactinomas and is due to cell size reduction. Seventy-nine percent of 271 definite macroprolactinomas were reduced in size by at…

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) results from an imbalance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that the earliest detectable abnormality in NIDDM is an impairment in the body's ability to respond to insulin. Because the pancrea…

Carcinoma in situ is a form of superficial transitional cell carcinoma, which is characterized by a lateral spread along the bladder epithelium, with high-grade malignancy and poor prognosis. Early radical cystectomy is considered the definitive treatment even in the absence of associated invasive cancer. In six prospe…

Twenty trials (17 controlled and three observational cohort studies) on selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) have been undertaken to date. SDD is defined as a technique which aims to eradicate carriage of disease-causing microorganisms by means of lethal oropharyngeal and faecal antimicrobial concentr…

No prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, and conservative therapy has been reported. To address when revascularization is indicated, we constructed a decision analytic model. Our model incorporates procedure-related mortality an…

The bulk of the mortality (60%) in hypertension occurs in those with mild to moderate elevations of blood pressure, and the chief hazard is coronary disease. Although progression in the severity of hypertension has been slowed with drug therapy, the benefits for coronary outcome and all-cause mortality have been equivo…

PURPOSE: To review the evidence on four questions about screening asymptomatic adults for arterial hypertension: Is hypertension a significant health problem? Is it detectable at an early, presymptomatic stage? Is treatment available and effective? Do the benefits of screening outweigh the costs and risks? DATA IDENTI…

Lung cancer is still a tumor type with high incidence in the world. Although there are many treatment options for lung cancer, surgical resection is widely used for I-IIIA lung cancer. Video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been proved to have significant intraoperative and postoperative and efficacy and safety adv…

OBJECTIVE: Virtually all studies of the individual placement and support (IPS) model of supported employment measure outcomes for job acquisition, but studies are less consistent in measuring job tenure, hours worked, and employment earnings. Lack of a common set of employment measures limits comparisons across studies…

BACKGROUND: Acute pyelonephritis is a common infection with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in pediatric populations. Early-switch strategies (from intravenous to oral treatment) may be an acceptable or even preferred option in the treatment of patients with acute pyelonephritis in terms of effectiven…

A metaanalysis was performed to determine the effects on quality of life (QL) in hypertension as reported in published clinical trials of antihypertensive drug therapy. All studies included compared active treatment to baseline (placebo or no treatment) with the patients as their own control and used blinded, randomize…

To investigate reasons for the higher rates of invasive squamous-cell cervical carcinoma among Blacks than Whites in the United States, we examined data from a case-control study of cervical cancer conducted in five geographic areas of the US, supplemented by incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End…

Among 238 patients with advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we evaluated the characteristics of three-year survivors and analyzed them to determine whether or not there were any specific pretreatment prognostic factors which could make it possible to discriminate this group the rest. All patients re…

The prognostic importance of immunobiologic factors in diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL) is studied in 105 consecutive DLCL patients. Multivariate results using the Cox proportional hazards model clearly indicate that the Ki-67 index (P = .002), a marker of cell proliferation activity, and the presence or absence of h…

The clinical findings of a population-based colorectal tumor registry have been analyzed to determine elements of supporting or not supporting the existence of different types of large bowel cancer. Age-specific incidence rate of the 409 registered patients rose sharply with increasing age in all segments of the large…