381,646 papers found

The clinical findings of a population-based colorectal tumor registry have been analyzed to determine elements of supporting or not supporting the existence of different types of large bowel cancer. Age-specific incidence rate of the 409 registered patients rose sharply with increasing age in all segments of the large…

Overweight and obesity are increasing globally and have an important impact on individuals' health and healthcare costs. Several factors contribute to this growth, and changes in normal sleep duration (SD) have been recognised. This relationship has given rise to numerous systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs) o…

BACKGROUND: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have become a key treatment for ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). METHODS: This umbrella review synthesizes findings from 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled…

BACKGROUND: Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) and individually randomized trials (IRTs) are often pooled together in meta-analyses (MAs) of randomized trials. However, the potential systematic differences in intervention effect estimates between these two trial types has never been investigated. Therefore, we conducted…

This retrospective analysis was performed to determine the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with pneumococcal bacteremia. Patients 13 years old with radiologically confirmed CAP and a positive blood culture for Streptococ…

CONTEXT: Although meta-analyses of randomized trials have shown that selective digestive decontamination (SDD) prevents nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients, the influence of trial quality on the effectiveness of SDD has not been rigorously evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the methodological quality of indiv…

BACKGROUND: In many ways, colorectal cancer might be an excellent candidate for mass screening because of the following: (1) it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States; (2) it develops slowly from a precursor lesion; and (3) methods of early detection are available. Barriers to screening in…

Lomefloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent that has undergone extensive worldwide clinical evaluation. This report summarizes the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, complicated urinary tract infections, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis…

Between October 1987 and October 1989 we have treated 110 patients with advanced solid tumors with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL2) based immunotherapy. In renal cell cancer we have studied rIL2 alone, rIL2 combined with rIL2 activated lymphocytes (LAK), and in an ongoing study rIL2 and LAK and alpha-interferon (alpha…

Recent network meta-analyses (NMAs) in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer have not adequately addressed potential treatment effect modifiers and population imbalances, which introduces bias. Although, individual-patient data (IPD) are seldom available across all trials, recent methodological advances allow…

BACKGROUND: To contribute to the refinement of future physical activity (PA) guidelines, which have remained mostly generic until now, we performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses for PA in cancer survivors. METHODS: Medline and Scopus databases were searched in January 2024 for systematic reviews and meta-analyse…

BACKGROUND: Abstract screening is a crucial step in systematic reviews, yet it can be prone to errors, leading to the exclusion of potentially relevant studies. Understanding the characteristics associated with falsely excluded studies can inform strategies to improve screening processes and minimize errors. METHODS: W…

Early reports have attributed cardiac failure during acute and chronic models of shock to peripheral vascular dysfunction and decreased venous return. More recently interest has focused on the heart as a primary target responsible for cardiovascular changes associated with acute endotoxin or hemorrhagic shock. At prese…

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the reduction in blood pressure achieved in trials of dietary salt reduction is quantitatively consistent with estimates derived from blood pressure and sodium intake in different populations, and, if so, to estimate the impact of reducing dietary salt on mortality from stroke and ischae…

Food-based dietary guidelines acknowledge non-fortified dairy foods as a source of multiple essential vitamins and minerals as well as high-quality protein. Considering the cultural significance of dairy foods in our diet and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, it is essential to continuously evalua…

We undertook a literature synthesis of CT, MR, and myelographic studies to evaluate what is known about the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging tests for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults without prior surgery. From 116 possibly relevant studies, we reviewed 14 articles that included cases of spinal st…

PURPOSE: This review was undertaken (1) to determine the antitumor activity of agents studied in phase II trials in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, (2) to evaluate the adequacy of published trials, (3) to determine if previously treated patients are suitable for phase II trials in SCLC, and (4) to develop an im…

BACKGROUND: The value of beta-adrenergic-antagonist drug therapy for the prevention of initial episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices is uncertain, both positive and negative study results having been reported. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed data on individual pati…

This report reviews the applications of tomographic imaging with current and new tracers in assessing myocardial perfusion and viability. Multiple studies with thallium-201 (TI-201) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) have demonstrated high sensi…

IMPORTANCE: Depression is common and associated with substantial burden. Suicide rates have increased over the past decade, and both suicide attempts and deaths have devastating effects on individuals and families. OBJECTIVE: To review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for depression and suicide risk a…