391,955 papers found

IMPORTANCE: Depression is common and associated with substantial burden. Suicide rates have increased over the past decade, and both suicide attempts and deaths have devastating effects on individuals and families. OBJECTIVE: To review the benefits and harms of screening and treatment for depression and suicide risk a…

BACKGROUND: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have become a key treatment for ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). METHODS: This umbrella review synthesizes findings from 35 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled…

CONTEXT: Although meta-analyses of randomized trials have shown that selective digestive decontamination (SDD) prevents nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients, the influence of trial quality on the effectiveness of SDD has not been rigorously evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the methodological quality of indiv…

BACKGROUND: In many ways, colorectal cancer might be an excellent candidate for mass screening because of the following: (1) it is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States; (2) it develops slowly from a precursor lesion; and (3) methods of early detection are available. Barriers to screening in…

We undertook a literature synthesis of CT, MR, and myelographic studies to evaluate what is known about the diagnostic accuracy of these imaging tests for the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis in adults without prior surgery. From 116 possibly relevant studies, we reviewed 14 articles that included cases of spinal st…

PURPOSE: This review was undertaken (1) to determine the antitumor activity of agents studied in phase II trials in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, (2) to evaluate the adequacy of published trials, (3) to determine if previously treated patients are suitable for phase II trials in SCLC, and (4) to develop an im…

BACKGROUND: The value of beta-adrenergic-antagonist drug therapy for the prevention of initial episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices is uncertain, both positive and negative study results having been reported. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed data on individual pati…

This report reviews the applications of tomographic imaging with current and new tracers in assessing myocardial perfusion and viability. Multiple studies with thallium-201 (TI-201) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD) have demonstrated high sensi…

BACKGROUND: DNA methylation (DNAm) is a developmentally dynamic epigenetic process; yet, most epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have examined DNAm at only one timepoint or without systematic comparisons between timepoints. Thus, it is unclear whether DNAm alterations during certain developmental periods are mor…

BACKGROUND: Abstract screening is a crucial step in systematic reviews, yet it can be prone to errors, leading to the exclusion of potentially relevant studies. Understanding the characteristics associated with falsely excluded studies can inform strategies to improve screening processes and minimize errors. METHODS: W…

We systematically reappraised meta-analyses of pharmacogenetic studies to evaluate the credibility of association between gene polymorphisms and resistance to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library and OpenGrey up to April 2025. The methodological qu…

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a protozoan disease caused by species of plasmodium. Despite the expanded control efforts, it continues to threaten vulnerable groups in Ethiopia. It remains a leading cause of illness and death, particularly among pregnant women, children, and migrant populations. Though previous studies report…

BACKGROUND: While some studies have suggested sex differences in the efficacy of antidepressant medications, there have been few investigations into potential sex differences related to safety and/or tolerability. Pooled data from double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were utilized to assess the safety and tolerabil…

To gauge the impact of intensified therapy on the survival of infants (younger than 1 year, n = 129) and children (greater than or equal to 1 year of age, n = 275) with neuroblastoma, we analyzed the results of eight successive clinical trials comparing various combinations of antineoplastic drugs, surgery, and radioth…

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the reduction in mortality associated with a reduced adverse reaction rate following the substitution of older high osmolar radiocontrast media (HOCM) by the newer and more expensive low osmolar contrast media (LOCM), and to assess the cost-effectiveness of switching from HOCM to LOCM in patient…

In recent years, many new over-the-counter (OTC) medications have resulted from the granting of OTC status by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to drug entities that previously were available only by prescription (Rx). While the benefits to consumers of Rx-to-OTC switches may be substantial, they also involve some…

Longitudinal studies of the relationship between birth order and birth weight suggest that mean birth weight increases with parity among women of all ages. In contrast, national birth statistics and other cross-sectional studies of these relationships suggests a decrease in mean birth weight and an increased incidence…

Determining sex of offspring by timing of intercourse has been a subject of intense interest for the lay public and professional community. This metaaanalysis of couples practicing natural family planning provides an opportunity to evaluate sex ratios in relation to the timing of conception with several parameters, inc…

BACKGROUND: Effective postoperative pain management after knee and hip arthroplasties offers substantial clinical benefits; however, clinicians are faced with numerous analgesic options, and therapeutic decision-making is hindered by limited comparative evidence on the relative efficacy and safety of these treatments.…

BACKGROUND: Non-typhoidal (NT)spp. constitutes a major cause of foodborne illness. Culture is the gold standard, but it is time consuming, whereas multiplex nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs)/Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) offer faster detection with variable reported performance. OBJECTIVES: To compare the dia…