375,956 papers found

As beta-adrenoreceptor blockers have been shown to reduce mortality following myocardial infarction by around 20%, a similar pattern of 'cardioprotection' was looked for in hypertensive patients. Several non-randomised retrospective studies have suggested that beta-blockers may reduce either the mortality or morbidity…

A meta-analysis was performed to determine whether the literature provides evidence that periconceptual or postconceptual maternal use of spermicides is detrimental to the developing fetus. Nine studies that investigated teratogenicity met the inclusion criteria. The Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratio was 1.02 (95% con…

We reviewed the literature on fetal pleural effusion to identify prognostic indicators related to outcome. Data on 124 cases from 38 reports were collected and analyzed using chi 2 statistical analysis and stepwise multiple logistic regression. Termination of pregnancy occurred in ten cases, spontaneous resolution occu…

Published intervention research to remediate problem behavior provides a major source of empirical evidence regarding standards of practice and the relative effectiveness of intervention strategies. A meta-analysis of the developmental disabilities literature for the years 1976 through 1987 was performed. Two measures…

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of dietary intervention in the treatment of functional constipation (FC) varies substantially across different studies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the relative efficacy of various dietary interventions in patients with FC through network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS: From the inc…

Combined data from nine double-blind placebo-controlled trials (total n = 813), showed a smoking quit rate with clonidine that was significantly greater than with placebo. Further analysis suggested a potentiating influence of individual behavior therapy, and it appeared that clonidine may be more helpful for female th…

Although CBT has been found to be effective in the treatment of eating disorders, it is not clear if there are differences between treatment formats. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized trials of broadly defined CBT comparing individual, group, guided self-help (GSH) and unguided self-help (USH) wi…

The present work summarizes the currently available published studies on lung cancer and occupational acrylonitrile exposure. Meta-analytic methods were used to estimate the overall risk. To adjust for the healthy worker effect, rate ratio estimates based on regression analyses and ratios of standard mortality ratios w…

Placebo controlled trials of methotrexate, auranofin, penicillamine, azathioprine, sulphasalazine, gold sodium thiomalate and chloroquines were subjected to meta-analysis. The difference between drugs and placebo in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.8 mm/hr [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.4-11.3]. In multiple l…

The author examined those published studies of the consistency (homogeneity) of study outcomes of noninvasive tests that assess the degree of carotid artery disease. Noninvasive tests used to detect carotid artery disease include ocular pneumoplethysmography and duplex ultrasound pulsed Doppler spectral analysis with h…

An extension to the genome screen meta-analysis (GSMA) method is proposed that allows results from candidate region studies to be included in a meta-analysis of genome-wide search results. Quantitative linkage analyses for susceptibility loci linked to total IgE were performed for data from three genome-wide searches a…

This two-part meta-analysis combined data from eight prospective randomized trials designed to compare the nutritional efficacy of early enteral (TEN) and parenteral (TPN) nutrition in high-risk surgical patients. The combined data gave sufficient patient numbers (TEN, n = 118; TPN, n = 112) to adequately address wheth…

Although it is generally agreed that prophylactic antibiotics are necessary for the prevention of postoperative wound infection, the choice of antibiotic regimen is controversial. In an attempt to determine the most effective antibiotic regimen, a meta-analysis of published clinical trials of prophylactic antibiotics f…

Meta-analysis was used to establish the efficacy of lithium in acute treatment and prophylaxis of depressive illness from existing published clinical trials. Effect sizes were measured by the odds ratio using the Mantel-Haenszel method and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Some benefit from lithium, c…

BACKGROUND: Tic disorder (TD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that often begins in childhood or adolescence. Acupuncture and moxibustion are alternative therapies that have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of TD. Over the past few decades, several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses have reporte…

A meta-analysis of studies examining the interrater reliability of the standard practice of peer assessments of quality of care was conducted. Using the Medline, Health Planning and Administration, and SCISEARCH databases, the English-language literature from 1966 through 1991 was searched for studies of chance correct…

A recent meta-analysis published in Parasites & Vectors [17(1):444, 2024] re-evaluated the prevalence of feline hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in Ctenocephalides felis. The authors compared prevalence studies using different PCR primers: those employing Jensen or Manvell primers reported high prevalence (~ 33%), whi…

Amblyopia, a disorder that impairs visual acuity, encompasses a spectrum of clinical interventions. The true efficacy of these treatments, however, remains elusive. Consequently, we elucidate the effectiveness of each intervention, providing critical insights into optimal therapeutic strategies. We systematically searc…