44,672 papers found

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to appraise the comparative clinical efficacy of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) versus conventional restorative treatment (CT) using a meta-analysis, and assessed the robustness of evidence by trial sequential analysis (TSA). BACKGROUND: Due to its simplified clinical approach, ART may be…

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metronidazole, a commonly used antibiotic drug, can cause adverse effects in the central nervous system termed metronidazole-induced encephalopathy, leading to diagnostic challenges. The condition is rare and a detailed description of its phenotype is lacking. In this systematic review we investiga…

The many facets of the oxytocin (OXT) system of the brain and periphery elicited nearly 25,000 publications since 1930 (see FIGURE 1 , as listed in PubMed), which revealed central roles for OXT and its receptor (OXTR) in reproduction, and social and emotional behaviors in animal and human studies focusing on mental and…

BACKGROUND: A quarter of all global neonatal deaths occur in India. Congenital anomalies constitute the fifth largest cause of neonatal mortality in the country, but national estimates of the prevalence of these conditions are lacking. The objective of the study was to derive an estimate of the birth prevalence of cong…

OBJECTIVES: To review evidence of hearing loss as a risk factor for dementia.: PubMed: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database using the search terms (hearing loss OR presbycusis) AND (dementia OR cognitive decline). Initially, 488 articles were obtained. Only those studies evaluating an association…

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is one of the most common and most disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is a multidimensional and complex symptom with multifaceted origins, involving both central and peripheral fatigue mechanisms. Exercise has proven to be safe for people with MS, with cumulating evidence supporting s…

OBJECTIVE: To assess and synthesize the published evidence on risk factors of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence in South Asia. STUDY DESIGN: A systematically conducted narrative review. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted of all primary studies published between January 1990 and June 2013 fro…

This Cochrane Review was withdrawn from publication on 23 October 2013 by the Co‐ordinating Editor of the Cochrane Airways Group with the agreement of the authors. The Cochrane Review has been replaced by two new Cochrane Reviews with updated methods: Milan SJ, Hart A, Wilkinson M. Vitamin C for asthma and exerc…

OBJECTIVE: Many efforts have been made to create new diagnostic technologies for use in the diagnosis of central nervous system injury. However, there is still no consensus for the use of biomarkers in clinical acute spinal cord injury (SCI). The aims of this review are (1) to evaluate the current status of neurochemic…

BACKGROUND: Calcinosis cutis-the deposition of insoluble calcium salts in the skin and the soft tissue-occurs in the following five settings: calciphylaxis, dystrophic, iatrogenic, idiopathic, and metastatic. Idiopathic calcinosis cutis of the penis is rare. PURPOSE: This paper describes a man with idiopathic calcinos…

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to systematically review the present literature on the effect of chlorhexidine varnish (CHX-V) on root caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE-PubMed, the Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched through December 2010 to identify any appropriate studies. Root caries i…

BACKGROUND: Classical anatomical teaching has long described head and neck veins as largely valveless, allowing free bidirectional flow. Modern cadaveric, imaging, and surgical studies challenge this oversimplification. OBJECTIVE: This narrative review synthesises current anatomical evidence regarding the presence, mo…

AIMS: There is an increased focus on healthcare workers' bullying due to various individual, organisational, and social factors that may elevate the risk of bullying among healthcare employees. This scoping review aims to identify knowledge gaps regarding the theorising of bullying and the prevention and management of…

Preventing childhood obesity from early life is considered essential. However, evidence from recent systematic reviews has highlighted inconsistent results and limited effectiveness of preconception and pregnancy lifestyle interventions regarding offspring weight outcomes and adiposity. Therefore, to improve our unders…

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain among survivors of spinal cord injury (SCI) hurts physical and mental health. Persons with SCI have demonstrated dissatisfaction with the management of their chronic pain. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify existing clinical practice guidelines for chronic pain in the SCI population. ME…

OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected individuals. Telehealth interventions (TIs) have emerged as a promising avenue for providing healthcare services remotely, potentially improving outcomes and enhancing the quality of life fo…

: Papers describing the results of a randomised trial should include a baseline table that compares the characteristics of randomised groups. Researchers who fraudulently generate trials often unwittingly create baseline tables that are implausibly similar (under-dispersed) or have large differences between groups (ove…

As survival rates increase, more emphasis has gone to possible cognitive sequelae in older cancer patients, which could be explained by accelerated brain aging. In this review, we provide a complete overview of studies investigating neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and neurodegenerative disorders in older cancer survivors…

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to pool all the available data to provide a well-powered assessment of the role of maternal Vitamin D levels in developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) because already published studies evaluating this association are small in sample size and yielded conflicting findings. MA…

BACKGROUND: Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is a rare tumor, first described by the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors in 2016. The clinical course is variable. Most tumors have low-grade histological findings although some may have more aggressive features. The goal of this systemati…