2,645 papers found

PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to identify predictors of brace treatment outcomes for adolescents or adults with idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: Four databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched. Free text and indexed terms identifying the populations, predictions analyses and ke…

OBJECTIVE: Simulation exercises are meant to provide an opportunity for health care workers to improve teamwork and develop clinical skills, among other goals. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether simulated interdisciplinary activities in the health care or clinical setting improve interprof…

OBJECTIVE: We sought to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to examine the association between institutional transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) volume and all-cause mortality. BACKGROUND: Since inception in 2011, there has been an exponential increase in the number of TAVR centers across t…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common disorder of the reproductive age group, characterised by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue. The disease not only causes enormous suffering to the affected women, but also brings a tremendous medical and economic burden to bear on society. There is a long lag phase between…

INTRODUCTION: The relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) has been extensively reviewed, but there is less research on the association between SEP and body composition. Fat distribution and muscle quality have been linked to adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascu…

Because of its consistently high stone-free rates (SFRs), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) continues to be the first-line treatment for renal stones larger than 20 mm. Standard 24 to 30 Fr access tracts, however, are linked to access-related morbidity, such as bleeding, pain, and extended hospital stays. These restr…

BACKGROUND: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are rare malignancies with limited treatment options and no established biomarkers for surveillance. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provide a non-invasive method for understanding tumor biology, d…

BACKGROUND: Genomics-based noninvasive prenatal tests (NIPT) allow screening for chromosomal anomalies such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The technique uses cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) that circulates in the maternal blood and is detectable from 5 weeks of gestation onwards. Parents who choose to undergo this re…

BACKGROUND: Searching for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) references within large academic databases can be a challenging process, partly due to the dynamic and diverse definitions of words and terminologies used by multiple interest holders. Search hedges are preestablished search strings that aid in the efficacy…

BACKGROUND: Recurrence-free survival has been used as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in trials involving patients with resected colorectal liver metastases. We aimed to assess the correlation between recurrence-free survival and overall survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases to determine the…

BACKGROUND: Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) affects approximately one in 3000 to 4000 infants. CHT is one of the most common preventable causes of learning difficulties. Optimal management of CHT requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. One of the main issues in the ma…

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is a common reason new mothers visit their general practitioner (GP). In Australia, the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic provides practical advice to GPs managing a range of infections, including mastitis. It is not known if Australian GPs prescribe antibiotics and order investigations as recomme…

INTRODUCTION: An admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is associated with multiple physical and environmental stressors, often involving many negative and painful oral experiences. Evidence from children with complex medical conditions suggests that feeding difficulties post-PICU stay are common, causing s…

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a novel class of drugs that have recently gained popularity for their ability to effectively manage type 2 diabetes mellitus and promote weight loss by delaying gastric emptying. The American Society of Anesthesiologists published consensus-based guidance in 202…

PURPOSE: To quantify the change in large language model (LLM)-associated writing vocabulary in ophthalmology after ChatGPT, to test whether it differed by first-author affiliation-country language group, and to determine whether publishing outcomes shifted. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional bibliometric study, wi…

BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 may feel under pressure to participate in research during the pandemic. Safeguards to protect research participants include ethical guidelines [e.g. Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice (GCP)], legislation to protect participants' privacy, research ethics committees (REC…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Anti-aging strategies utilizing stem cells are in the forefront. Alpha and beta defensins are natural immune peptides that have been shown to activate an LGR6-positive stem cell locus in the hair follicle, identified as the source of most new epidermal cells during acute wound healing. We investi…

INTRODUCTION: Conducting research in rural and remote areas is compounded by challenges associated with accessing relatively small populations spread over large geographical areas. Open-ended questions provided in a postal survey format are an advantageous way of including rural and remote residents in research studies…

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this project was to assess a pediatric institution's use of infliximab and develop and evaluate electronic health record tools to improve safety and efficiency of infliximab ordering through auditing and improved communication. METHODS: Best use of infliximab was defined through a literatu…

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is seen in primary pancreatic disease but has also been seen in extrapancreatic conditions including celiac disease (CeD). The symptoms of PEI and CeD often overlap, which makes diagnostics challenging. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to invest…