2,530 papers found

Orthorhombic-phase silver tungstate (Ag₂WO₄), a polymorphic ternary oxide, was synthesized through hydrothermal methods and thoroughly examined for its crystallographic accuracy, quantum optical behavior, and photonic applications. The gradual adjustment of synthesis time led to morphological phase change…

BACKGROUND: Youth vaping is a major global public health issue with significant physical, psychological and behavioural risks. This systematic review aims to review published studies and guidelines on the effectiveness, safety and acceptability of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use to promote vaping cessation in yo…

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted minimally invasive gastrectomy (RAMIG) is increasingly used as a surgical approach for gastric cancer. This study assessed the effectiveness of RAMIG and studied which stages of the IDEAL-framework (1 = Idea, 2A = Development, 2B = Exploration, 3&#x20…

INTRODUCTION: The primary therapeutic approach to glaucoma involves the long-term use of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering eyedrops. However, the prevalent use of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) as a preservative in glaucoma eyedrops has been associated with ocular side effects, prompting a demand for alternatively prese…

BACKGROUND: Prostaglandins (PGs) have emerged as key drugs in second trimester medical abortion (STMA) and are currently a cornerstone in obstetric practice. Nevertheless, the application of PGs, integral to labor and abortion procedures, is not risk-free, and has been associated with several complications, particularl…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer in men worldwide. A significant proportion of patients will develop biochemical failure after definitive radiotherapy and an increasing number of local failures are now identifiable with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positro…

INTRODUCTION: We conducted a systematic review of evidence on the effectiveness of imatinib at escalated doses of 600 mg/day or 800 mg/day for treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), following progression on imatinib at the 400 mg/day dose, compared with sunitinib an…

BACKGROUND: The decreased L-arginine bioavailability, the basic substrate for nitric oxide synthesis, can be one of the factors contributing to the airways hyperreactivity. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of various inhibitors of the enzyme activities utilizing L-arginine in a guinea pig model of experimental o…

PURPOSE: We reviewed the literature surrounding the role of opioids and their receptors in urological malignancy. Recent studies have suggested clinically significant effects of agonism or antagonism of opioid receptors on cancer related outcomes and tumorigenesis. The focus of these efforts has centered on nonurologic…

BACKGROUND: Radiocontrast nephropathy (RCN) is a common cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Results of several studies using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for the prevention of RCN have yielded conflicting results. We performed a meta-analysis of group data extracted from previously published studies to assess the…

BACKGROUND: Studies have evaluated the efficacy of endoscopic incisional therapy (EIT) for benign anastomotic strictures. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate stricture recurrence after EIT following esophagectomy or gastrectomy. METHODS: A systematic search of databases was performed up to A…

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are aggressive tumors that are more common in young women, African American populations, and those with hereditary mutations. These tumors are notable for their high recurrence rate and predilection for chemoresistance. The goal of this narrative review is to describe th…

OBJECTIVE: Long-term local control in patients with primary chordoma and sarcoma of the spine and sacrum is increasingly reliant upon en bloc resection with negative margins. At many institutions, adjuvant radiation is recommended; definitive radiation is also recommended for the treatment of unresectable tumors. Becau…

OBJECTIVE: High body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/mhas a complex relationship with cancers. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore controversy over whether BMI is correlated with outcomes including survival and immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAEs) in cancer patients treate…

Extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) carries a poor prognosis, and the thoracic progression is common. Consolidation radiation to thoracic disease (cRT) could improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We conducted an electronic search of PubMed and Embase with no language, year&#xa0…

BACKGROUND: In 2022, NHS England announced plans to ensure that all adult primary care patients in England would have full online access to new data added to their general practitioner (GP) record. However, this plan has not yet been fully implemented. Since April 2020, the GP contract in England has already committed…

BACKGROUND: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) method has been widely used in surgery and anesthesia worldwide and has been applied to a wide range of surgical specialties, including colorectal surgery, gynecology, liver surgery, breast surgery, urology, and spinal surgery. An increasing number of studies have…

BACKGROUND: Smooth muscle tumour (SMT) composed of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma recently has been described in many HIV-infected children. Leiomyosarcoma has become the second most frequent malignancy in children with HIV infection or other immunodeficiency diseases in the United States. Although leiomyosarcoma account…

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a significant health issue among ageing men, with ongoing research focused on elucidating its underlying mechanisms and improving experimental models. Testosterone Propionate (TP) is the first line of choice for the induction of BPH in experimental rodent models. However, TP's cont…