2,694 papers found

Child physical abuse is a leading cause of traumatic injury and death in children. In 2017, child abuse was responsible for 1688 fatalities in the United States, of 3.5 million children referred to Child Protection Services and 674,000 substantiated victims. While large referral hospitals maintain teams trained in Chil…

INTRODUCTION: Recruitment and retention of the healthcare workforce are crucial to maintaining access to services and provision of care, but these are ongoing challenges for health services both in the UK National Health Service (NHS) and globally. We know from systematic reviews of the international literature that ma…

UNLABELLED: A scoping literature review was undertaken to identify the current evidence base on the role of nursing and allied health professionals (AHPs) in delivering surveillance and survivorship services within head and neck cancer (HNC) care following treatment. METHOD: This review was undertaken according to the…

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that children's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help family members to strengthen non-smoking attitudes and promote non-smoking by children and other family members. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched 14 elect…

BACKGROUND: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder that is identified by the ICD-10 code Q87.11. Although this code has been used in several large studies, its diagnostic validity has not been evaluated. This study assessed the accuracy of the Q87.11 code for identifying individuals with PWS. METHODS:…

PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to identify predictors of brace treatment outcomes for adolescents or adults with idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: Four databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL were searched. Free text and indexed terms identifying the populations, predictions analyses and ke…

OBJECTIVE: Simulation exercises are meant to provide an opportunity for health care workers to improve teamwork and develop clinical skills, among other goals. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether simulated interdisciplinary activities in the health care or clinical setting improve interprof…

OBJECTIVE: We sought to conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis to examine the association between institutional transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) volume and all-cause mortality. BACKGROUND: Since inception in 2011, there has been an exponential increase in the number of TAVR centers across t…

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a common disorder of the reproductive age group, characterised by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue. The disease not only causes enormous suffering to the affected women, but also brings a tremendous medical and economic burden to bear on society. There is a long lag phase between…

BACKGROUND: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are rare malignancies with limited treatment options and no established biomarkers for surveillance. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) provide a non-invasive method for understanding tumor biology, d…

INTRODUCTION: The relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity measured by body mass index (BMI) has been extensively reviewed, but there is less research on the association between SEP and body composition. Fat distribution and muscle quality have been linked to adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascu…

Because of its consistently high stone-free rates (SFRs), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) continues to be the first-line treatment for renal stones larger than 20 mm. Standard 24 to 30 Fr access tracts, however, are linked to access-related morbidity, such as bleeding, pain, and extended hospital stays. These restr…

BACKGROUND: Genomics-based noninvasive prenatal tests (NIPT) allow screening for chromosomal anomalies such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The technique uses cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) that circulates in the maternal blood and is detectable from 5 weeks of gestation onwards. Parents who choose to undergo this re…

BACKGROUND: Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) affects approximately one in 3000 to 4000 infants. CHT is one of the most common preventable causes of learning difficulties. Optimal management of CHT requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment to avoid abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome. One of the main issues in the ma…

BACKGROUND: Searching for transgender and gender diverse (TGD) references within large academic databases can be a challenging process, partly due to the dynamic and diverse definitions of words and terminologies used by multiple interest holders. Search hedges are preestablished search strings that aid in the efficacy…

BACKGROUND: Mastitis is a common reason new mothers visit their general practitioner (GP). In Australia, the Therapeutic Guidelines: Antibiotic provides practical advice to GPs managing a range of infections, including mastitis. It is not known if Australian GPs prescribe antibiotics and order investigations as recomme…

INTRODUCTION: An admission to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is associated with multiple physical and environmental stressors, often involving many negative and painful oral experiences. Evidence from children with complex medical conditions suggests that feeding difficulties post-PICU stay are common, causing s…

PURPOSE: To quantify the change in large language model (LLM)-associated writing vocabulary in ophthalmology after ChatGPT, to test whether it differed by first-author affiliation-country language group, and to determine whether publishing outcomes shifted. DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional bibliometric study, wi…

BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 may feel under pressure to participate in research during the pandemic. Safeguards to protect research participants include ethical guidelines [e.g. Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice (GCP)], legislation to protect participants' privacy, research ethics committees (REC…

BACKGROUND: Recurrence-free survival has been used as a surrogate endpoint for overall survival in trials involving patients with resected colorectal liver metastases. We aimed to assess the correlation between recurrence-free survival and overall survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases to determine the…