37,720,811 papers found

Objectives of this quasi-experimental study were to assess whether age of listeners and native language of the speaker affected the accurate repetition of words, sentences, and utterances, including medical vocabulary. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 20 young adults and 20 older adults repeated 60 words and…

Using a semantic priming paradigm, this study examines the effects of semantic and lexical-orthographic context on reaction times (RTs) and event-related potentials (ERPs) for interlingual homographs. Dutch-English bilinguals performed an English lexical decision task in which homographs like STEM (meaning "voice" in D…

Spencer and Hanley (2003) showed that Welsh-speaking children aged between 5 and 7 years who were learning to read Welsh (a transparent orthography) performed significantly better at reading both real words and nonwords than did English-speaking children living in Wales who were learning to read English (a deep orthogr…

Most of the research on developmental dyslexia comes from English-speaking countries. However, there is accumulating evidence that learning to read English is harder than learning to read other European orthographies (Seymour, Aro, & Erskine, 2003). These findings therefore suggest the need to determine whether the mai…

The relationship between first and second language literacy was examined by identifying the skills and processes developed in the first language that were transferred to the second language. The performance of 40 university students from The People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Australia were compared on…

BACKGROUND: Current health information understandability research uses medical readability formulas to assess the cognitive difficulty of health education resources. This is based on an implicit assumption that medical domain knowledge represented by uncommon words or jargon form the sole barriers to health information…

The real-time air-writing multilingual datasets are widely used for several purposes, such as handwriting character or numeral pattern recognition. The air-writing systems are commonly used in operation theatres, online education systems, banking sectors, reservation counters, etc. However, the air-written numeral data…

This study aimed to establish perceptual strength norms for 1,000 words in the languages of Korean, English, and L2 English, in order to investigate the similarity and difference across languages as well as the influence of the environment on semantic processing. The perceptual strength norms, which are a collection of…

In first language studies, the Toulmin model of argumentation has become a prominent analysis and assessment method for English argumentative essays. However, there hasn't been much study on using argument theory to scaffold teaching in practice in second language classrooms. As a broad group of English learners, Chine…

This study investigated the dynamic interaction of second language motivation and emotional experience for Chinese learners of English in four different contexts: (1) those in China with little or no intention of learning the language for communicative purposes; (2) those in China intending to study abroad; (3) those s…

While non-invasive brain imaging has made substantial contributions to advance human brain science, estimation of individual state is becoming important to realize its applications in society. Brain activations were used to classify second-language proficiencies. Participants in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f…

Researchers have suggested that the vocabularies of languages are oriented towards the communicative needs of language users. Here, we provide evidence demonstrating that the higher frequency of visual words in a large variety of English corpora is reflected in greater lexical differentiation-a greater number of unique…

Spanish undergraduates of English Studies are required to submit their essays in academic English, a genre which most of them are not acquainted with. This paper aims to explore the extralinguistic side of second language (L2) academic writing, more specifically, the combination of metalinguistic items (e.g. transition…

We investigated reading and writing in two domestic languages (Swedish and Finnish) and one foreign language (English) among multilingual university students with (n = 20) versus without dyslexia (n = 20). Our analyses encompassed overall speed and accuracy measures and an in-depth analysis…

Preschool is a crucial developmental period during which children advance their spoken language skills that prepare them for later reading acquisition. During this period of rapid growth, bilingual experience fosters cross-linguistic interactions that shape distinctive neural architecture for language. This study explo…

EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners' engagement is a crucial determinant influencing learning outcomes in English vocabulary learning. In recent years, gamification elements such as points, badges, and leaderboard have been increasingly used in mobile-assisted language learning to promote EFL learners' engagem…

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of restricting systematic reviews of conventional or alternative medical treatments or diagnostic tests to English-language publications. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), and Current Contents Conn…