37,720,811 papers found

With increasing frequency, the rod-shaped bacteria have been recently referred to in Czech as tyce (the singular is tyc) instead of the diminutive tycinky (the singular is tycinka) as used in classical Czech textbooks and handbooks of medical microbiology. This discordance might result from inadequate translation of th…

This article explores the linguistic and cultural significance of Gullah Geechee, an English-based Creole language, and its speakers as bilingual users. It examines the historical roots, linguistic features, and sociocultural importance of Gullah Geechee, which emerged from the interaction of African languages and Engl…

In the United States, about 67 million people speak a language other than English at home, and of those, 38% report speaking English less than "very well." Not speaking the majority's language has been recognized as one of the major barriers linguistic minorities encounter when navigating healthcare systems. The eviden…

A data set was developed for research on word recognition and comprehension as well as for vocabulary knowledge estimation of Arabic-English bilingual speakers (i.e., an understudied population). Subjective frequency (i.e., familiarity) ratings, which reflect language exposure, were collected from 1000 Arabic-English s…

This work introduces a new benchmark for the bilingual evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in English and Arabic. While LLMs have transformed various fields, their evaluation in Arabic remains limited. This work addresses this gap by proposing a novel evaluation method for LLMs in both Arabic and English, allowi…

In line with the Taiwan government's 2030 bilingual national policy, nursing education must emphasize the importance of enhancing English proficiency, developing international competitiveness, and fostering global literacy. English is used as the medium of instruction (EMI) in nursing education with the main goal of co…

iPledge is a program meant to reduce the incidence of pregnancy in patients using isotretinoin, a teratogenic acne medication. Adherence to the iPledge program is essential in preventing pregnancy complications among isotretinoin users. We present an analysis of the readability of both English and Spanish patient educa…

Best practice suggests that curricular decisions be made on the evidence base of the content and the contextual fit of the curriculum to the school setting, and with coaching to help teachers effectively use curricula. Messages from the federal government encourage school administrators and researchers to consider the…

Based on the latest coronavirus corpus of the English corpus collection list (English-corpora), this paper aims to do the data mining of the China-related reports reported by the media of the United States, Canada, Britain, and Australia in public health emergencies. It tries to analyze how the English world media cons…

This paper reports a cross-sectional study that investigates the developmental features in second language writings by Chinese beginner learners of English by using four lexical richness measures-lexical sophistication, lexical variation, lexical density, and lexical errors-from the perspective of the language exposure…

Some words are lexically suggestive about the taxonomic position of their referent (e.g., jellyfish in English), and this information can vary across languages (e.g., in Dutch the equivalent of jellyfish holds no taxonomic information: kwal). To evaluate the role of such lexical suggestions, we conducted a cross-lingui…

Ambiguity in translation is highly prevalent, and has consequences for second-language learning and for bilingual lexical processing. To better understand this phenomenon, the current study compared the determinants of translation ambiguity across four sets of translation norms from English to Spanish, Dutch, German an…

The Welsh language uses a regular counting system, whereas English uses an irregular counting system, and schools within Wales teach either through the medium of Welsh or English. This provides the opportunity to compare linguistic effects on arithmetical skills in the absence of many other confounding factors that ari…

In 1631, Richard Brathwaite penned a conduct manual for 'English Gentlewomen'. In Brathwaite's mind, the ideal English gentlewoman was not only chaste, modest and honourable but also an avid reader. In fact, Brathwaite specifically recommends English gentlewomen to first peruse herbals and then to deepen their medical…

The time frame for infants' acquisition of language constancy was probed, using the phonetic variation in a rarely heard accent (South African English) or a frequently heard accent (American English). A total of 156 Australian infants were tested. Six-month-olds looked longer to Australian English than less commonly he…

In the present study, introductory-level German students read a simplified story and learned the meanings of new German words by reading English translations in marginal glosses versus trying to infer (i.e., guess) their translations. Students who inferred translations were given feedback in English or in German, or no…

This longitudinal study examined the process of English reading comprehension at age 11 for 173 low achieving Spanish-speaking children. The influence of growth rates, from early childhood (age 4.5) to pre-adolescence (age 11), in vocabulary and word reading skills on this complex process were evaluated using structura…

This study examines the role of abstractness during the activation of a lexical representation. Abstractness and conflict are directly modeled in our approach by invoking lexical representations in terms of contrastive phonological features. In two priming experiments with English nouns differing only in vowel height o…

Is agency a straightforward and universal feature of human experience? Or is the construction of agency (including attention to and memory for people involved in events) guided by patterns in culture? In this paper we focus on one aspect of cultural experience: patterns in language. We examined English and Japanese spe…

Previous studies have shown that bilingual adults use more gestures than English monolinguals. Because no study has compared the gestures of bilinguals and monolinguals in both languages, the high gesture rate could be due to transfer from a high gesture language or could result from the use of gesture to aid in lingui…