2,694 papers found

INTRODUCTION: A systematic review of the economic evidence on home visitation programmes for young or vulnerable pregnant women was undertaken to provide a summary of the existing literature of these interventions. SOURCES OF DATA: Relevant studies were identified from a number of sources including large databases, fr…

BACKGROUND: Dedicated and motivated health workers (HWs) play a major role in delivering efficient and effective health services that improve patients' experience of health care. Growing interest in HW motivation has led to a global focus on pay for performance strategies, but less attention has been paid to nurturing…

BACKGROUND: Significant reductions in glucose control immediately post bariatric surgery in patients with longstanding poor glycemic control can lead to the paradoxical progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in susceptible individuals. Bariatric surgery results in dramatic and immediate diabetic control postoperative…

BACKGROUND: Although captured and cultivated marine shrimp constitute highly important seafood in terms of both economic value and production quantity, biologists have little knowledge of the shrimp genome and this partly hinders their ability to improve shrimp aquaculture. To help improve this situation, the Shrimp Ge…

BACKGROUND: Seizures are a common symptom of brain tumours. The mainstay of treatment for seizures is medical therapy with antiepileptic drugs. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative effectiveness and tolerability of antiepileptic drugs commonly used to treat seizures in adults with brain tumours. SEARCH STRATEGY: We s…

BACKGROUND: Reelin plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in adulthood. Administration of 5-metoxytryptamine (5MT), an agonist of serotonin receptors, during natal and neonatal periods results in decreased reelin expression. In adulthood, reelin is expressed by GABAergic neurons. OBJECTIVES:…

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of evaluated treatments for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children. METHODS: Online bibliographic databases were searched for the terms "recurrent abdominal pain," "functional abdominal pain," "children," or "alternative therapies" in articles classified as randomized cont…

BACKGROUND: The proliferation of acronyms in abdominal wall surgery has fragmented procedural language, limiting comparability across studies, registries, and operative reports. The Muysoms A-H-M-T-F nomenclature was proposed to standardize hernia repair description across 5 key dimensions; however, its inter-rater rep…

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based public health requires that research provides policymakers with reliable and accessible information reflecting the disease threats. We described the scientific production of research in Cambodia and assessed to what extent it provides appropriate insights and implications for practice to guid…

Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) relaxes blood vessels primarily via activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)/cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK-I) pathway. Although the precise mechanism of sGC activation by GTN in the vascular wall is unknown, the mediatory role of nitric oxide (NO) has been post…

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Negative attitudes towards mental illness lead to the formation of stigma. Stigma prevents the recovery of people diagnosed with mental illness. There is evidence of stigmatic attitudes towards mental ill health among mental health professionals. Anti-stigma initiatives, such as education…

IMPORTANCE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have yielded conflicting results in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overall effect of ICIs compared with standard therapies in unresectable HCC requires more research. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy and safety associated with ICIs compared with standard therapie…

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed the treatment landscape for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but their efficacy in older adults remains unclear. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of ICI in patients with TNBC aged ≥65 years. MATERIALS…

BACKGROUND: Older individuals present reductions in muscle mass and physical function, as well as a blunted muscle protein synthesis response to amino acid administration and physical activity. Although resistance training is an effective intervention to slow down muscle impairments in the elderly, there is no consensu…

BACKGROUND: Recent trials suggest improved response rates for purine analogues compared to alkylator-based regimens in the treatment of B-CLL. However, none was able to show a survival advantage. Thus, a systematic Cochrane review may be able to further define the role of purine analogues in the first-line treatment of…

OBJECTIVE: Dietary triggers such as gluten and highly fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP)-containing foods have been associated with worsening irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. However, the true impact of dietary restriction on IBS symptoms has remained unclear. The aim of this study…

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. The incidence and morbidity of BC are expected to rise rapidly. The stage at which BC is diagnosed has a significant impact on clinical outcomes. When detected early, an overall 5-year survival rate of up to 90% is possible. Although numerous studies have been cond…

BACKGROUND: Smoke-free policies in outdoor areas and semi-private and private places (eg, cars) might reduce the health harms caused by tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). We aimed to investigate the effect of smoke-free policies covering outdoor areas or semi-private and private places on TSE and respiratory health in child…

BACKGROUND: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) method has been widely used in surgery and anesthesia worldwide and has been applied to a wide range of surgical specialties, including colorectal surgery, gynecology, liver surgery, breast surgery, urology, and spinal surgery. An increasing number of studies have…

: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), defined by abdominal obesity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, markedly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Affecting an estimated 25-30% of the global adult population, MetS represents a major and growing public health…